There are three initialization options available for power-flow calculation in the drop-down menu.

• From input data: The values specified in the network input data file are used.

• Flat Start: The power-flow routine assumes the initial voltage magnitude of all PQ buses to be 1 p.u. and initial voltage angle of all buses to be 0 degrees.

• Smart Start: A linear approximation of the power-flow equations is solved beforehand to provide a good initial guess to the Newton-Raphson method.

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Termination condition based on the tolerance of the mismatch equations (default 1E-8).

The algorithm terminates if the norm of the mismatch equation becomes smaller than the specified tolerance.

Maximum number of iterations allowed for Newton-Raphson to converge (default 100).

If the algorithm does not converge once this limit is reached, ePHASORSIM stops and the error message “Power-flow didn’t converge” is displayed.

Runs the power flow calculation.

Runs the power flow and also writes the results into following output files in a folder with name follows the format: '[XLS file name].PowerFlow'.

• 0_NetworkComposition.csv: Number of different components in the network (buses, machines, loads, etc).

• 1_Bus.csv:  Bus types, base voltage, voltage magnitude, and angle.

• 2_Machine.csv: Machine PQ and Q limits.

• 3_Statistics.csv: Number of NR iterations done and largest power mismatch.