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Mask and Parameters
PV array Tab
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Name
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Unit
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Description
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Parallel strings
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-
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Number of strings of series-connected modules that are connected in parallel. The default value is 5.
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Series-connected modules per string
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Number of PV modules connected in series in each string. The default value is 10.
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Module
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The main components of the PVGS is shown in the diagram below. A PV array along with a smoothing capacitor across its outputs is connected to a boost converter, which performs a DC/DC conversion of the generated energy to a higher voltage potential. This increased DC voltage, maintained across a second capacitor, is fed to a VSC which performs the necessary DC/AC conversion for connection to an external AC bus.
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Mask and Parameters
PV Array Tab
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Parallel strings | - | Number of strings of series-connected modules that are connected in parallel. The default value is 5. |
Series-connected modules per string | - | Number of PV modules connected in series in each string. The default value is 10. |
Module | - | Select When you select a module, this data from the NREL database updates when you apply your changes: Ncell, Voc, Isc, Vmp, Imp maximum power, as well as temperature coefficients of Voc and Isc. The function computes the five corresponding model parameters (IL, I0, nI, Rsh, Rs) using an optimization function and displays them on the right side of the dialog box. When you select The default value is SunPower SPR-305E-WHT-D. |
Maximum Power | W | Power obtained at maximum power point (Vmp, Imp). Pmax is computed as Pmax = Vmp × Imp. The default value is 305.2260 W. |
Cells per module (Ncell) | - | Number of cells per module. The default value is 96. |
Open circuit voltage Voc | V | Voltage obtained when array terminals are left open. The default value is 64.2 V. |
Short-circuit current Isc | A | Current obtained when array terminals are short circuited. The default value is 5.96. |
Voltage at maximum power point Vmp | V | Voltage at maximum power point. The default value is 54.7. |
Current at maximum power point Imp | A | Current at maximum power point. The default value is 5.58. |
Temperature coefficient of Voc | (%/deg.C) | Defines variation of Voc as a function of temperature. The open-circuit voltage at temperature T is obtained as VocT = Voc (1 + beta_Voc(T–25)), where Voc is the open-circuit voltage at 25 degrees C, VocT is the open-circuit voltage at temperature T (in degrees C), beta_Voc is the temperature coefficient (in %/degrees C), and T is the temperature in degrees C. The default value is -0.27269 %/deg.C. |
Temperature coefficient of Isc | %/deg.C | Defines variation of Isc as a function of temperature. The short-circuit current at temperature T is obtained as IscT = Isc (1 + alpha_Isc(T–25)), where Isc is the short-circuit current at 25 degrees C, IscT is the short-circuit current at temperature T (in degrees C), alpha_Isc is the temperature coefficient (in %/degrees C) and T is the temperature in degrees C. The default value is 0.061745 %/deg.C. |
Display I-V and P-V characteristics of... | - | To display the I-V and P-V characteristics of one module or of the whole array, for variable irradiance or for variable temperatures, select an option: one module @ 25 deg.C & specified irradiances The selected characteristics display when you click Plot. The default value is array @ 25 deg.C & specified irradiances. |
Irradiances | w/m2 | This parameter is available only if Display I-V and P-V characteristics of is set to |
T_cell | deg. C | This parameter is available only if Display I-V and P-V characteristics of is set to |
Light-generated current IL | A | Current for one module under STC, flowing out of the controllable current source that models the light-generated current. An optimization function determines this parameter to fit the module data. The default value is 6.0092 A. |
Diode saturation current I0 | A | Saturation current of the diode modeling the PV array for one module under STC. An optimization function determines this parameter to fit the module data. The default value is 6.3014e-12 A. |
Diode ideality factor | - | Ideality factor of the diode modeling the PV array. An optimization function determines this parameter to fit the module data. The default value is 0.94504. |
Shunt resistance Rsh | ohms | Shunt resistance of the model for one module under STC. An optimization function determines this parameter to fit the module data. The default value is 269.5934 Ω. |
Series resistance Rs | ohms | Series resistance of the model for one module under STC. An optimization function determines this parameter to fit the module data. The default value is 0.37152 Ω. |
VSC Controller Tab
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Name | Unit |
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Description
Nominal power Pn
VA
Nominal power of the converter in VA. Default is 60000.
Nominal frequency fn
Hz
This parameter allows the user to specify the nominal frequency in hertz. Default is 50.
Q regulator gain Kp
This parameter allows the user to specify the reactive regulator gain Kp. Default is 1.
Q regulator gain Ki
This parameter allows the user to specify the reactive regulator gain Ki. Default is 10.
P regulator gain Kp
This parameter allows the user to specify the active regulator gain Kp. Default is 0.8.
P regulator gain Ki
This parameter allows the user to specify the active regulator gain Ki. Default is 2.5.
Current regulator gain Kp
This parameter allows the user to specify the current regulator gain Kp. Default is 1.
Current regulator gain Ki
This parameter allows the user to specify the current regulator gain Ki. Default is 100.
Islanded mode voltage regulator gain Kp
This parameter allows the user to specify the islanded mode voltage regulator gain Kp. Default is 0.
Islanded mode voltage regulator gain Ki
This parameter allows the user to specify the islanded mode voltage regulator gain Ki. Default is 0.
DC voltage regulator enable
This parameter allows the user to specify the DC voltage regulator enable. Default is 0.
DC Link Voltage
V
This parameter allows the user to specify the DC link voltage. Default is 1000.
DC link voltage regulator Kp
This parameter allows the user to specify the DC link voltage regulator Kp. Default is 1.
DC link voltage regulator Ki
This parameter allows the user to specify the DC link voltage regulator Ki. Default is 10.
Current limit
This parameter allows the user to specify the current limit. Default is 1.2.
Sample time
s
This parameter allows the user to specify the block sample time in seconds. Default is 50e-6.
Prioritiy
The user is able to define whether the controller should prioritize active or reactive power via the usage of this parameter.
1: Active power given preference if the total power is more than the converter rating.
0: Reactive power given preference
Mode
The user is able to define the mode of PV in the network.
1: Grid connected,
0: Grid Forming.
Transformer Tab
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Name
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Unit
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Description
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Winding 1 connection (Gride-side)
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The winding connectors for winding 1 on the gride side. Choices are Y, Yn, Yg (default), Delta (D1), and Delta (D3). Default is Yg.
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Winding 2 connection (Converter-side)
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The winding connectors for winding 1 on the Converter side. Choices are Y, Yn, Yg (default), Delta (D1), and Delta (D3). Default is Delta (D1).
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Type
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Select Three single-phase transformers (default) to implement a three-phase transformer using three single-phase transformer models. You can use this core type to represent very large power transformers found in utility grids (hundreds of MW).
Select Three-limb core (core-type) to implement a three-limb core three-phase transformer. In most applications, three-phase transformers use a three-limb core (core-type transformer). This type of core produces accurate results during an asymmetrical fault for both linear and nonlinear models (including saturation). During asymmetrical voltage conditions, the zero-sequence flux of a core-type transformer returns outside the core, through an air gap, structural steel, and a tank. Thus, the natural zero-sequence inductance L0 (without delta winding) of such a core-type transformer is usually very low (typically 0.5 pu < L0 < 2 pu) compared with a three-phase transformer using three single-phase units (L0 > 100 pu). This low L0 value affects voltages, currents, and flux unbalances during linear and saturated operation.
Select Five-limb core (shell-type) to implement a five-limb core three-phase transformer. On rare occasions, very large transformers are built with a five-leg core (three phase legs and two external legs). This core configuration, also known as shell type, is chosen mainly to reduce the height of the transformer and make transportation easier. During unbalanced voltage conditions, as opposed to the three-limb transformer, the zero-sequence flux of the five-limb transformer stays inside the steel core and returns through the two external limbs. The natural zero-sequence inductance (without delta) is therefore very high (L0 > 100 pu). Except for small current unbalances due to core asymmetry, the behavior of the five-limb shell-type transformer is similar to that of a three-phase transformer built with three single-phase units.
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Units
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Specify the units used to enter the parameters of this block. Select pu to use per unit. Select SI to use SI units. Changing the Units parameter from pu to SI, or from SI to pu, automatically converts the parameters displayed in the mask of the block. The per unit conversion is based on the transformer rated power Pn in VA, nominal frequency fn in Hz, and nominal voltage Vn, in Vrms, of the windings. Default is pu.
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Nominal power Pn
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VA
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The nominal power rating , in volt-amperes (VA), of the transformer. The nominal parameters have no impact on the transformer model when the Units parameter is set to SI. Typically, its value is 1.2 times the Nominal Power Pn (VA) of the controller indicated in the controller Tab. Default is 72000.
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Winding 1 (Grid-side) parameters
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The phase-to-phase nominal voltage in volts RMS, resistance, and leakage inductance in pu for winding 1. Default is [ 6600 , 0.004 , 0.04 ] when the Units parameter is pu and [7.35e+05 4.3218 0.45856] when the Units parameter is SI.
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Winding 2 (Converter-side) parameters
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The phase-to-phase nominal voltage in volts RMS, resistance, and leakage inductance in pu for winding 2. Default is [480, 0.004 , 0.04 ] when the Units parameter is pu and [3.15e+05 0.7938 0.084225] when the Units parameter is SI.
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Magnetization resistance Rm
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The magnetization resistance Rm in pu or SI depends on the Units parameter. Default is 500 when the Units parameter is pu and 1.0805e+06 when the Units parameter is SI.
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Magnetization inductance Lm
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The magnetization inductance Lm, in pu, for a nonsaturable core. Default is 500 when the Units parameter is pu and 2866 when the Units parameter is SI.
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Inductance L0 of zero-sequence flux path return
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The Inductance L0 of zero-sequence flux path return, in pu, for the three-limb core transformer type. This parameter is visible only if the Type parameter is set to Three-limb core (core type). Default is 0.5 when the Units parameter is pu and 2.866 when the Units parameter is SI.
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Inductance L0 of zero-sequence flux path return
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The Inductance L0 of zero-sequence flux path return, in pu, for the three-limb core transformer type. This parameter is visible only if the Type parameter is set to Three-limb core (core type). Default is 0.5 when the Units parameter is pu and 2.866 when the Units parameter is SI.
Voltage Source Converter Tab
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Description | ||
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Nominal power Pn | VA | Nominal power of the converter in VA. Default is 60000. |
Nominal frequency fn | Hz | This parameter allows the user to specify the nominal frequency in hertz. Default is 50. |
Q regulator gain Kp | This parameter allows the user to specify the reactive regulator gain Kp. Default is 1. | |
Q regulator gain Ki | This parameter allows the user to specify the reactive regulator gain Ki. Default is 10. | |
P regulator gain Kp | This parameter allows the user to specify the active regulator gain Kp. Default is 0.8. | |
P regulator gain Ki | This parameter allows the user to specify the active regulator gain Ki. Default is 2.5. | |
Current regulator gain Kp | This parameter allows the user to specify the current regulator gain Kp. Default is 1. | |
Current regulator gain Ki | This parameter allows the user to specify the current regulator gain Ki. Default is 100. | |
Islanded mode voltage regulator gain Kp | This parameter allows the user to specify the islanded mode voltage regulator gain Kp. Default is 0. | |
Islanded mode voltage regulator gain Ki | This parameter allows the user to specify the islanded mode voltage regulator gain Ki. Default is 0. | |
DC voltage regulator enable | This parameter allows the user to specify the DC voltage regulator enable. Default is 0. | |
DC Link Voltage | V | This parameter allows the user to specify the DC link voltage. Default is 1000. |
DC link voltage regulator Kp | This parameter allows the user to specify the DC link voltage regulator Kp. Default is 1. | |
DC link voltage regulator Ki | This parameter allows the user to specify the DC link voltage regulator Ki. Default is 10. | |
Current limit | This parameter allows the user to specify the current limit. Default is 1.2. | |
Sample time | s | This parameter allows the user to specify the block sample time in seconds. Default is 50e-6. |
Prioritiy | The user is able to define whether the controller should prioritize active or reactive power via the usage of this parameter. | |
Mode | The user is able to define the mode of PV in the network. |
Voltage Source Converter Tab
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Two-level converter subsection
Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Model type | Average model (Uref-controlled) is the only type of converter model. | |
Diode on-state resistance | Ohms | Internal resistance of the diodes, in ohms. The default value is 1e-3. |
Diode snubber resistance | Ohms | The snubber resistance, in ohms. Set the snubber resistance to inf to eliminate the snubbers. The default value is 1000. |
Diode snubber capacitance | F | The snubber capacitance in farads. Set the snubber capacitance to 0 to eliminate the snubbers. The default value is 1e-6. |
Diode forward voltage | V | Forward voltage, in volts, across the diode when it is conducting. The default value is 1e-3. |
Current source snubber resistance | Ohms | The snubber resistance across the two current sources, in ohms. Set the snubber resistance to inf to eliminate the snubbers. The default value is inf. |
Series RL branch subsection
Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Branch type | Series RL branch. | |
Resistance R | Ohms | The series branch resistances (chocke resistance), in ohms (Ω). Default is 0.01. |
Inductance L | H | The series branch inductances (chocke inductance), in henries (H). Default is 0.0244. |
Filters Tab
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Voltage PV Filter Subsection
The filter absorbs output PV array voltage oscillation directly. So you will have a better DC waveform to provide to the DC-DC converter. Especially if your converter lacks a controller, it should have this filter to produce a pure DC wave and a suitable DC output voltage.
Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Branch type | Series RC branch. | |
Resistance | Ohms | The shunt branch resistance, in ohms (Ω). Default is 0.01. |
Capacitance | F | The shunt capacitance, in farads (F). Default is 10000e-6. |
Set the initial capacitor voltage | If selected, the initial capacitor voltage is defined by the Capacitor initial voltage parameter. If cleared, the software calculates the initial capacitor voltage in order to start the simulation in steady-state. Default is selected. | |
Capacitor initial voltage | V | The initial capacitor voltage used at the start of the simulation. The Capacitor initial voltage parameter is not visible and has no effect on the block if the Set the initial capacitor voltage parameter is not selected. Default is 500 which equals the half of the DC Link Voltage parameter. |
Ripple Filter Subsection
The filter absorbs output PV array current oscillation directly. So you will have a better DC waveform to provide to the DC-DC converter.
Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Branch type | Series RL branch. | |
Resistance | Ohms | The shunt branch resistance, in ohms (Ω). Default is 0.005. |
Inductance | H | The shunt capacitance, in farads (F). Default is 1e-3. |
Set the initial inductor current | If selected, the initial inductor current is defined by the Inductor initial current parameter. If cleared, the software calculates the initial inductor currnet in order to start the simulation in steady-state. Default is unselected. | |
Inductor initial current | A | The initial inductor current used at the start of the simulation. The Capacitor initial voltage parameter is not visible and has no effect on the block if the Set the initial inductor current parameter is not selected. Default is 0. |
Voltage DC Filter Subsection
The filter absorbs output DC-DC converter voltage oscillation directly.
Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Branch type | Series RC branch. | |
Resistance | Ohms | The shunt branch resistance, in ohms (Ω). Default is 0.02. |
Capacitance | F | The shunt capacitance, in farads (F). Default is 12e-3. |
Set the initial capacitor voltage | If selected, the initial capacitor voltage is defined by the Capacitor initial voltage parameter. If cleared, the software calculates the initial capacitor voltage in order to start the simulation in steady-state. Default is selected. | |
Capacitor initial voltage | V | The initial capacitor voltage used at the start of the simulation. The Capacitor initial voltage parameter is not visible and has no effect on the block if the Set the initial capacitor voltage parameter is not selected. Default is 1000 which equals the DC Link Voltage parameter. |
MPPT Parameters Tab
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Initial value for D output (Dinit) | The initial value for boost converter duty cycle. Default is 0.5. | |
Upper limit for D (Dmax) | The upper limit for boost converter duty cycle. Default is 0.9. | |
Lower limit for D (Dmin) | The lower limit for boost converter duty cycle. Default is 0.1. | |
Increment value used to increase/decrease (DeltaD) | The increment value used to increase/decrease boost converter duty cycle. Default is 3e-6. |
Measurements Tab
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Time constant | s | Low pass filter time constant for power measurements, in seconds. Default value is 0.05. |
Nominal power of network | w | Nominal power of network, in watts. Default is 12e3. |
Time constant for power measurement filter | s | Power measurement filter time constant for signal conditioning, in seconds. Default value is 0.05. |
Time constant for voltage measurement filter | s | Voltage measurement filter time constant for signal conditioning, in seconds. Default value is 0.05. |
Time constant for current measurement filter | s | Current measurement filter time constant for signal conditioning, in seconds. Default value is 0.05. |
Inputs, Outputs, and Signals Available for Monitoring
Inputs
Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
P ref | pu | Specify the active power reference of the PV Generation System. |
Q ref | pu | Specify the reactive power reference of the PV Generation System. |
Ir ref | W/m2 | This input is connected to a Simulink signal that represents varying sun irradiance. |
T ref | degrees C | This input is connected to a Simulink signal that represents varying cell temperature. |
Curtail enable | This input is connected to a Simulink signal that represents curtailment signal status. 1: Curtailment is currently being implemented. 0: There is no curtailment in effect. | |
Trip | Boolean | This input is connected to a Simulink signal that determines PVGS Trip signal status. 1: The PVGS has been tripped; 0: The PVGS has not been tripped. |
Reset | Boolean |
Outputs
Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Measurements | - | Several measurements are stored in this bus. |
A |
| Connection port to phase A of the grid. |
B |
| Connection port to phase B of the grid. |
C |
| Connection port to phase C of the grid. |