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The diagram below illustrates the main blocks of the diesel generator block. The Diesel Generator is composed of a round rotor synchronous machine
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, a speed governor, a synchronism relay and the excitation and load control. A synchronous machine is used as the generation unit, which is directly connected to the microgrid. A diesel engine and governor is used to generate an appropriate input power for the synchronous machine, while a field excitation system generates an appropriate voltage for its field (rotor) windings.
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Mask and Parameters
The Diesel Generator block contains the following tabs in the parameter configuration mask:
Generator
Governor
Excitation System (IEEE-DC1A)
Controllers
Exciter and Rectifier
Initial Values
Load Controller
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Transformer
Synchronism check
Generator Tab
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
nominal power | VA | Nominal |
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power of the |
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VA, Vrms, Hz
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synchronous machine | ||
nominal line-to-line voltage | kV | Nominal line to line RMS voltage |
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of the synchronous machine | ||
Frequency | Hz | Nominal frequency of operation of the synchronous machine |
Reactances | pu | Direct (d) axis and quadrature (q) axis reactances of the synchronous machine, leakage reactance |
Time constants | s | Time constants of the direct axis and quadrature axis. Can be chosen between short-circuit or open-circuit time constants |
Stator resistance | pu | Stator resistance of the synchronous machine |
Mechanical parameters | pu | Inertia coefficient (or H constant), friction factor and pair of poles of the synchronous machine |
Initial conditions | %, degrees, pu | Initial steady state values of speed deviation (in percent), electric angle of the rotor, phase currents (module and angle) and field voltage of the synchronous machine |
Simulate saturation | - | check box to indicate if the saturation of the synchronous machine will be taken into account |
no-load curve | pu | Field current and voltage values at machine terminals |
Governor Tab
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Regulator gains | - | Regulator gains for the isochronous mode and following mode |
Time constants Isochronous mode | s | Regulator time constants for the isochronous mode |
PI regulator P following mode | - | PI regulator gains for the following mode |
Actuator time constants | s | Time constants for the actuator of the governor |
Torque limits | pu | Maximum and minimum torque limits |
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Engine Time Delay | s |
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Engine time delay |
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Initial mechanical power | pu | Initial value of mechanical power, |
Droop in percentage | % | Droop in percentage |
Excitation System (IEEE-DC1A) Tab
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Low-pass filter time constant [Ts(s)] | s | Time constant for the low-pass filter of the IEEE-DC1A excitation system |
Voltage regulator |
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gian and time constant [Ka, Ta] | - , s | Gain and time constant parameters for the voltage regulator of the IEEE-DC1A excitation system |
Voltage Regulator output limits [VRmin, VRmax]] | pu | Minimum and maximum outputs for voltage regulator of the IEEE-DC1A excitation system |
Damping filter parameters [Kf, Tf] | - , s | Gain and time constant parameters for the damping filter of the IEEE-DC1A excitation system |
Transient gain reduction lead and lag time constants [Tb, Tc] | s | Time constant parameters for the lead-lag stages of the IEEE-DC1A excitation system |
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Exciter gain and time constant | s | Gain and time constant parameters for the exciter of the IEEE-DC1A excitation system |
Field voltage values | pu | Voltage values for the exciter of the IEEE-DC1A excitation system |
Exciter saturation values | pu | Function values for the saturation simulation of the IEEE-DC1A excitation system |
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Initial values | pu | Initial conditions of terminal voltage and field voltage |
Sample time | s | Time step of the simulation |
Load Controller Tab
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Name | Unit | Description |
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Proportional |
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gain Kp | - | Proportional gain Kpof PI controller |
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for load control droop function |
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Name
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Unit
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Description
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pu
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Initial condition for the output of the controller, and maximum-minimum limits
Proportional gain Ki | - | Integral gain Ki of PI controller |
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for load control |
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droop function |
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Inital output | pu | Initial condition for the output of the controller |
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Transformer Tab
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Name
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Unit
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Description
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Winding connection on the high side voltage of the transformer
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Possible connection types for the high voltage windings of the transformer (Y/Yn/Yg/delta (lag or lead) )
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Winding connection on the low side voltage of the transformer
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-
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Possible connection types for the low voltage windings of the transformer (Y/Yn/Yg/delta (lag or lead) )
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Transformer core type
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-
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Possible core types for the transformer (three-single phase transformers/core-type/shell-type)
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Simulate saturation
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-
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check box to indicate if the saturation of the transformer will be taken into account
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Transformer parameter units
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-
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Choose between SI or per unit (pu) values
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Nominal power
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VA
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Rated power of the three-phase transformer
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Parameters of the high voltage side of the transformer
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V, ohms or pu, H or pu
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Rated voltage of the high voltage winding, resistance and inductance of the winding
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Parameters of the low voltage side of the transformer
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V, ohms or pu, H or pu
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Rated voltage of the low voltage winding, resistance and inductance of the winding
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Magnetizing resistance of the transformer
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ohms or pu
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Parallel resistance of the magnetization branch of the transformer
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Magnetizing inductance of the transformer
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H or pu
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Parallel inductance of the magnetization branch of the transformer
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Zero-sequence inductance L0 flux path return
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H or pu
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Zero-sequence inductance for the three-limb core transformer
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Saturation curve
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A, V.s
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Excitation current and flux linkages values of the curve
Synchronism check Tab
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Output upper limit | pu | Upper limit for the output of the controller |
Output lower limit | pu | Lower limit for the output of the controller |
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Proportional gain Kp | - | Proportional gain Kp of PI controller for load control reactive power function |
Proportional gain Ki | - | Integral gain Ki of PI controller for load control reactive power function |
Inital output | pu | Initial condition for the output of the controller |
Output upper limit | pu | Upper limit for the output of the controller |
Output lower limit | pu | Lower limit for the output of the controller |
Synchronism Check Tab
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Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
Enable | - | Enable/disable the relay operation |
Data voltage threshold | % | Threshold limit for the voltage |
Delta angle and frequency threshold | degrees, Hz | Threshold limit for the angle and the frequency |
Breaker Close time | s | Breaker Closing time |
Freezing time | s | The initial time during which the breaker will remain zero i.e. the breaker will be open |
Voltage check | - | Voltage check functionality enable/disable |
Vmin | % of Vll | Threshold voltage below which Bus/Line considered to be dead/non-energized |
Vmax | % of Vll | Threshold voltage above which Bus/Line considered to be live/energized |
Inputs, Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring
Inputs
Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
P ref | pu | Active power reference |
Q ref | pu | Reactive power reference |
V ref | pu | Voltage reference |
w ref | pu | Speed reference |
status | - | 0 = Disconnected from the grid or 1 = Connected to the grid |
Islanded | - | 0 = Disabled or 1 = Enabled |
V line | Phase-ground voltages (a,b,c) measured on the high voltage side of the transformer located after the breaker of the model | |
I line | Phase currents (a,b,c) measured on the high voltage side of the transformer located after the breaker of the model | |
V breaker | Phase-ground voltages (a,b,c) measured on the low voltage side of the transformer located after the breaker of the model |
Outputs
Name | Unit | Description |
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Measurements | kW, kVAr, kV, A, pu | In this port there are 5 signals to monitoring the operation of the block: 1)Power delivered by the diesel generator 2)Reactive power delivered by the diesel generator 3)Voltage RMS at the terminal of the diesel generator 4)Current RMS delivered at the terminal of the diesel generator 5)Reserve reactive power of the diesel generator |
A | - | Connection port to phase A of the grid |
B | - | Connection port to phase B of the grid |
C | - | Connection port to phase C of the grid |