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Table of Contents

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How To Use The Machine Data

Step 1: Enter The Parameters

There are two ways to enter the machine's parameters:

  • The first one is to enter the standard parameters in

    per unit (p.u.) in the second part of the panel and then press the Fundamentals button to generate the fundamental parameters, displayed in the third section.

    the standard sub-tab.

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  • The second method is to directly enter the fundamental parameters in the

    third part of the panel

    fundamental sub-tab.

The  The conversion to fundamental parameters requires certain approximations while the other way around is direct.

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Image Removed

Synchronous machine parameter generator panel in Hyperview.

Step 2: Enter the Winding Information

One of the key pieces of information that needs to be provided in the Machine Data tab is the machine’s winding arrangement. The winding information must be entered as a .m file (MATLAB program file). An example of the .m file is given below.

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Note

Information Required: In order to make use of Machine Data, the user must have all the values listed in the table below.

S. No.

Quantity

Note: Parameters in red are the standard parameters. Those in green are the fundamental parameters.

The user must know either the standard or fundamental parameters. The unknown set can be calculated using the Machine Data tab.

1

Type of rotor

2

Frequency (Hz)

3

Number of poles

4

Neutral resistance Rg (pu)

5

Neutral reactance Xg (pu)

6

Armature resistance Rs (pu)

7

Armature leakage resistance Xls (pu)

8

Direct axis synchronous resistance Xq (pu)

9

Quadrature axis synchronous resistance

10

Direct axis transient reactance Xd' (pu)

11

Quadrature axis transient resistance Xq (pu)

12

Direct axis sub-transient reactance Xd" (pu)

13

Quadrature axis sub-transient reactance Xq" (pu)

14

Direct axis transient time constant Tdo' (s)

15

Quadrature axis transient time constant Tqo' (s)

16

Direct axis sub-transient time constant Tdo" (s)

17

Quadrature axis sub-transient time constant Tqo" (s)

18

Direct axis magnetizing reactance Xmd (pu)

19

Quadrature axis magnetizing reactance Xmd (pu)

20

Field winding resistance referred to stator Rfd' (pu)

21

Direct axis damper winding resistance referred to stator Rkq1' (pu)

22

Quadrature axis damper winding 1 resistance referred to stator Rkq2' (pu)

23

Quadrature axis damper winding 2 resistance referred to stator Rkq2' (pu)

24

Field winding leakage reactance referred to stator Xfd' (pu)

25

Direct axis damper winding leakage reactance referred to stator Xkd' (pu)

26

Quadrature axis damper winding 1 leakage reactance referred to stator Xkq1' (pu)

27

Quadrature axis damper winding 2 leakage reactance referred to stator Xkq2' (pu)

28

Winding information in the form of an .m file

29

Type of fault

30

Fault location in a winding (%) (0% corresponds to neutral end)

Info

A signal needs to be fed to enable fault in the synchronous machine model. Without a signal, the fault is not activated.

MATLAB program file (.m file) Example

The file uses the Winding Function Approach to arrive at the six arrays for each layer of each phase winding. To understand the Winding Function Approach better, users should refer to the literature.

Code Block
% Commentaries are preceded by %
% Generic turbo-alternator parameters
% Number of parallel circuits per phase 
a = 2;
% Number of stator slots 
slot = 60;
% Number of conductors per slot 
conductor = 2;
% polarity = 0 for bipolar windings
% polarity = 1 if WF_X2 is only negative
% polarity = 2 if WF_X2 is only positive. For other configurations, all WF are required. 
polarity = 2;
% Sign of first conductor
currentConvention = -1;
% All winding function vectors starts with WF_.
% They must be defined in the following order: whole phase A, B et C
%WF_A = [ 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1 0 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1 0 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5];
%WF_B = [-1.5 -1 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1 0 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1 0 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2];
%WF_C = [ -2 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1 0 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1 0 -1 -1.5];
% then individual winding of each phase.
%WF_A1 = [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
%WF_A2 = [5 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5];
%WF_B1 = [-3 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -4];
%WF_B2 = [0 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
%WF_C1 = [-4 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3];
%WF_C2 = [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 0 0];
% Finally, the winding orders of winding A1, A2, B2 and C2 are required.
% Their names must begin with WO_.
%WO_A1 = [ 8 20 09 21 10 22 11 23 12 24 38 50 39 51 40 52 41 53 42 54];
%WO_A2 = [ 9 57 08 56 07 55 06 54 05 53 39 27 38 26 37 25 36 24 35 23];
%WO_B2 = [49 37 48 36 47 35 46 34 45 33 19 07 18 06 17 05 16 04 15 03];
%WO_C2 = [59 47 58 46 57 45 56 44 55 43 29 17 28 16 27 15 26 14 25 13];
% Alternatively, one can provide only the winding orders for all windings.
% The parameter generator computes the required winding functions.
WO_A1 = [ 8 20 09 21 10 22 11 23 12 24 38 50 39 51 40 52 41 53 42 54];
WO_A2 = [ 9 57 08 56 07 55 06 54 05 53 39 27 38 26 37 25 36 24 35 23];
WO_B1 = [18 30 19 31 20 32 21 33 22 34 48 60 49 01 50 02 51 03 52 04];
WO_B2 = [49 37 48 36 47 35 46 34 45 33 19 07 18 06 17 05 16 04 15 03];
WO_C1 = [58 10 59 11 60 12 01 13 02 14 28 40 29 41 30 42 31 43 32 44];
WO_C2 = [59 47 58 46 57 45 56 44 55 43 29 17 28 16 27 15 26 14 25 13];

Step 3: Define The Fault

Finally, the internal fault section of the panel allows the definition of the desired fault. The type of fault is given here but for more details, see the model's documentation.

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Type 1

Single winding-to-ground fault;

Type 2

Two-phase winding-to-winding fault;

Type 3

Two-phase winding-to-winding-to-ground fault;

Type 4

Three-phase winding-to-winding fault;

Type 5

Three-phase winding-to-winding-to-ground fault;

Type 6

Single-phase winding-to-winding fault;

Type 7

Single-phase winding-to-winding-to-ground fault;

Type 8

Single-phase shorted-turns.

The fault location is defined in %, where 0% is the machine's neutral point and 100% is the phase terminal.

The fault location must be greater than 0% but smaller than 100%. After selecting the desired fault type, the required fault location boxes will be updated (e.g. a type 1 fault only requires one fault location while type 2 requires two)

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The Compute button, in the upper toolbar, uses the provided information to generate all the parameters required by the simulation model.

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.

Note

Limitations

  • Load flow initialization is not possible for a machine with an internal fault.

  • Single-winding-related faults are always simulated on phase A of the machine. If another phase has to be simulated, a multiplex bus has to be used to interchange the phase sequence.

  • Two-phase faults will always be simulated between phase A and phase B. For other phase sequences, a multiplex bus has to be used.

Step 4: Computation

  • Click the Compute Parameters icon. The report appears in the Log tab.

  • Click on Load parameters at the right bottom of the machine mask.

  • Click the Apply button.

Example of Log

Code Block
languagetext
compName=SMIFSR

Rg=1000.0
Xg=500.0
Ra=0.0
Xl=0.0
Xd=0.985
Xd1=0.34
Xd2=0.249
Xq=0.609
Xq1=0.6
Xq2=0.272
Td01=7.348
Td02=0.075
Tq01=0.0
Tq02=0.14
Xmd=0.0
Xmq=0.0
Rfd=0.0
Xlfd=0.0
Xlkd=0.0
Xlkq1=0.0
Xlkq2=0.0
typeFault=2
faultLocation=[45.0,5.0,0.0]
a=2
Nr=3
Ns=8
Nfault=2
N=11
Xsdc=[0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0]

Xscos=[-0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0]

Xssin=[0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0]

R=[0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0]

Xsrsind=[0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0]

Xsrcosd=[0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0]

Xsrsinq=[-0.0,-0.0,0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0]

Xsrcosq=[0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,0.0,-0.0,-0.0,-0.0]