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Description

The figure below shows the model implementation of the DC circuit breaker model in HYPERSIM, adapted from [1]. The model is made up of two branches:

  • the auxiliary branch - containing the Load Commutating Switch (LCS) and Ultra Fast Disconnector (UFD) breakers;
  • the main branch - main circuit breaker with individual surge arresters forming a cell, and an option to select the number of such desired cells. 

The individual surge arresters are rated to meet the full voltage and current breaking capability, and the auxiliary DC breaker for lower voltage and current capability. 

Under normal operation, the current will flow only through the auxiliary branch and the current in the main breaker is zero. When a DC fault occurs, the LCS immediately commutates the current to the main DC Breaker and the fast disconnector opens. With the mechanical switch in open position, the main DC breaker breaks the current.

The LCS and main breaker switches are based on IGBT and the model allows the user to select the number of IGBTs in series and parallel. The model allows the user to select the switching times of the LCS, UFD, main breakers, and the number of switching times enabled for each breaker (up to 4). 

Note:

  • All switching times are given relative to the trigger signal
  • Each T1 to T4 value must be larger than the previous one, i.e.: T1 < T2 < T3 < T4. Otherwise, only the first switching time respecting that condition will be operated


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Mask and Parameters

General

Name

Description

Units

Variable = {Possible Values}

Control type

 

Internal: uses switching times defined on Timing tab.

External (input pins) to use signals from the input pins

-


Number of cells in main breaker

Number of cells in the main breaker. From 1 to 10.

-

{1,10}

Include inductance

Include Inductance when checked

-


Resistor

Parallel resistance

Ohm

{0,1e12}

Inductance

Series inductance

H

{0,1e12}

Number of IGBTs in parallel in the LCS

Number of IGBTs in parallel in the LCS

-


Number of IGBTs in parallel in each cell

Number of IGBTs in parallel in each cell

-


Number of IGBTs in series in the LCS

Number of IGBTs in series in the LCS

-


Number of IGBTs in series in each cell

Number of IGBTs in series in each cell

-


Timing

Name

Description

UnitsVariable = {Possible Values}

Breaker initial state

Initial state of the corresponding breaker. Open or closed.

-


T1, T2, T3, T4

Four switching times of the corresponding breaker (closing time if initial state is open, opening time otherwise)

s

{0,1e12}

Number of switching times enabled

Number of switching times enabled from 0 to 4. For instance, 2 means only the two first switching are considered.

-

{0,1,2,3,4}


Surge arrester

Image Modified

Name

Description

UnitsVariable = {Possible Values}

Points in Zno characteristic

Number of points in Zn0 characteristic. Note: First point must be 0,0

-{1,12}

Voltage

All voltage points of the Zn0 characteristic

V{0,1e12}

Current

All current points of the Zn0 characteristic

A{0,1e12}

Advanced

Image Modified

Name

Description

UnitsVariable = {Possible Values}

Ron resistance for each IGBT

Resistance for each IGBT when closed

Ohm{0,1e12}

Ron resistance for each IGBT

Resistance for each IGBT when open

MOhm{0,1e12}

Ron resistance for ultra fast disconnector

Resistance of the UFD when closed

Ohm{0,1e12}

Roff resistance for ultra fast disconnector

Resistance of the UFD when open

MOhm{0,1e12}



Ports, Inputs, Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring



Ports


NameDescription
Net_1Network connection; the "+" indicates the current measurement direction
Net_2Network connection

Input

I/O NAME

TYPE (UNIT)

DESCRIPTION

Trig

Input (command signal)

Triggering signal. The switching times of the breakers are defined as relative to this signal. Trigger happens when the input is more than threshold value 0.5

ExtCtrl - LCS

Input (command signal)

Command signal of the LCS. Used only if the control type is set to External (input pins)

ExtCtrl - UFD

Input (command signal)

Command signal of the UFD. Used only if the control type is set to External (input pins)

ExtCtrl - Bsig

Input (command signal)

Command signal of the breakers on main branch. Used only if the control type is set to External (input pins). Bundle of size 10. Unconnected pins will be set to 0, which is an “Open” signal to the breaker.

Imain_scp

Output (A)

Current on the main branch

Iaux_scp

Output (A)

Current on the auxiliary branch


Output

None

Sensors


NameDescriptionUnit
Bx (x=1 to 10)Status of each breaker
TrigTrigger signal status
UFDStatus of UFD
LCSStatus of LCS
I_auxCurrent though auxiliary branchA
I_mainCurrent though main branchA
Bx_int (x=1 to 10)Internal controlled breaker status
LCS_intInternal controlled LCS status
UFD_intInternal controlled UFD status
iSegb_x (x=1 to 10)Status of breaker cells selected
IZnox (x = 1 to 10)Current through main branch surge arrestersA


References

  1. J. Häfner, B. Jacobson, "Proactive Hybrid HVDC Breakers - A key innovation for reliable HVDC Grids", International symposium on Electric Power systems of the Future, 13-15 September, 2011