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Synchronous Machine

Owned by Sylvain Ménard
Last updated: Oct 03, 2023
4 min read

On this page:

ePHASORSIM native library includes five PSS/e supported built-in models for synchronous generators.

  • The classical model that only models the mechanical behaviour of machine: SyncGenGENCLS
  • The sixth order round rotor detailed model with the impact of exponential saturation: SyncGenGENROE
  • The sixth order round rotor detailed model with the impact of quadratic saturation: SyncGenGENROU
  • The fifth order salient pole model with the impact of exponential saturation on both axis: SyncGenGENSAE
  • The fifth order salient pole model with the impact of quadratic saturation on d-axis: SyncGenGENSAL

SyncGenGENCLS

A constant voltage behind the d-axis transient reactance is used to model a second-order classical synchronous generator. This model is valid for dynamics in few cycles after oscillation, or for generators that are far from the disturbance location.

 SyncGenGENCLS Parameters

Symbol

Description

Unit

Bus

Bus name (Bus ID)

a unique name

ID

Machine name (Machine ID)

a unique name

Status

Connect/Disconnect status

1 for connected

0 for disconnected

Pg (MW)

Active power

MW

Qg (MVAr)

Reactive power

MVAr

Qmin (MVAr)

Minimum reactive power for the machine (for power-flow study)

MVAr

Qmax (MVAr)

Maximum reactive power for the machine (for power-flow study)

MVAr

Sbase (MVA)

Power base

MVA

H (s)

Inertia

second

D

Damping factor

in machine p.u.

Ra (pu)

Stator resistance

machine p.u.

x'_d (pu)

d-axis transient reactance

machine p.u.

SyncGenGENROE



 SyncGenGENROE Parameters
Symbol

Description

Unit

Bus

Bus name (Bus ID)

a unique name

ID

Machine name (Machine ID)

a unique name

Status

Connect/Disconnect status

1 for connected

0 for disconnected

Pg (MW)

Active power

MW

Qg (MVAr)

Reactive power

MVAr

Qmin (MVAr)

Minimum reactive power for the machine (used in power-flow)

MVAr

Qmax (MVAr)

Maximum reactive power for the machine (used in power-flow)

MVAr

Sbase (MVA)

Power base

MVA

H (s)

Inertia

second

D

Damping factor

in machine p.u.

Ra (pu)

Stator resistance

in machine p.u.

x_d (pu)

d-axis reactance

in machine p.u.

x_q (pu)

q-axis reactance

in machine p.u.

x'_d (pu)

d-axis transient reactance

in machine p.u.

x'_q (pu)

q-axis transient reactance

in machine p.u.

x"_d (pu)

d-axis sub-transient reactance (x"_d=x"_q)

in machine p.u.

x_l (pu)

Leakage

in machine p.u.

T'_do (s)

d-axis transient open-circuit time constant

second

T"_do (s)

d-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant

second

T'_qo (s)

q-axis transient open-circuit time constant

second

T"_qo (s)

q-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant

second

S10

Saturation function value for 1 p.u. input


S12

Saturation function value for 1.2 p.u. input




SyncGenGENROU

This model is the equivalent of GENROU in the PSS/e library. It is a sixth-order model with a saturation effect. This model includes transient and sub-transient reactances, one damper winding on the d-axis, and two damper windings on the q-axis.



 SyncGenGENROU Parameters
Symbol

Description

Unit

Bus

Bus name (Bus ID)

a unique name

ID

Machine name (Machine ID)

a unique name

Status

Connect/Disconnect status

1 for connected

0 for disconnected

Pg (MW)

Active power

MW

Qg (MVAr)

Reactive power

MVAr

Qmin (MVAr)

Minimum reactive power for the machine (used in power-flow)

MVAr

Qmax (MVAr)

Maximum reactive power for the machine (used in power-flow)

MVAr

Sbase (MVA)

Power base

MVA

H (s)

Inertia

second

D

Damping factor

in machine p.u.

Ra (pu)

Stator resistance

in machine p.u.

x_d (pu)

d-axis reactance

in machine p.u.

x_q (pu)

q-axis reactance

in machine p.u.

x'_d (pu)

d-axis transient reactance

in machine p.u.

x'_q (pu)

q-axis transient reactance

in machine p.u.

x"_d (pu)

d-axis sub-transient reactance (x"_d=x"_q)

in machine p.u.

x_l (pu)

Leakage

in machine p.u.

T'_do (s)

d-axis transient open-circuit time constant

second

T"_do (s)

d-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant

second

T'_qo (s)

q-axis transient open-circuit time constant

second

T"_qo (s)

q-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant

second

S10

Saturation function value for 1 p.u. input


S12

Saturation function value for 1.2 p.u. input


SyncGenGENSAE



 SyncGenGENSAE Parameters
Symbol

Description

Unit

Bus

Bus name (Bus ID)

a unique name

ID

Machine name (Machine ID)

a unique name

Status

Connect/Disconnect status

1 for connected

0 for disconnected

Pg (MW)

Active power

MW

Qg (MVAr)

Reactive power

MVAr

Qmin (MVAr)

Minimum reactive power for the machine (used in power-flow)

MVAr

Qmax (MVAr)

Maximum reactive power for the machine (used in power-flow)

MVAr

Sbase (MVA)

Power base

MVA

H (s)

Inertia

second

D

Damping factor

in machine p.u.

Ra (pu)

Stator resistance

in machine p.u.

x_d (pu)

d-axis reactance

in machine p.u.

x_q (pu)

q-axis reactance

in machine p.u.

x'_d (pu)

d-axis transient reactance

in machine p.u.

x"_d (pu)

d-axis sub-transient reactance (x"_d=x"_q)

in machine p.u.

x_l (pu)

Leakage

in machine p.u.

T'_do (s)

d-axis transient open-circuit time constant

second

T"_do (s)

d-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant

second

T"_qo (s)

q-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant

second

S10

Saturation function value for 1 p.u. input


S12

Saturation function value for 1.2 p.u. input


SyncGenGENSAL



 SyncGenGENSAL Parameters
Symbol

Description

Unit

Bus

Bus name (Bus ID)

a unique name

ID

Machine name (Machine ID)

a unique name

Status

Connect/Disconnect status

1 for connected

0 for disconnected

Pg (MW)

Active power

MW

Qg (MVAr)

Reactive power

MVAr

Qmin (MVAr)

Minimum reactive power for the machine (used in power-flow)

MVAr

Qmax (MVAr)

Maximum reactive power for the machine (used in power-flow)

MVAr

Sbase (MVA)

Power base

MVA

H (s)

Inertia

second

D

Damping factor

in machine p.u.

Ra

Stator resistance

in machine p.u.

x_d (pu)

d-axis reactance

in machine p.u.

x_q (pu)

q-axis reactance

in machine p.u.

x'_d (pu)

d-axis transient reactance

in machine p.u.

x"_d (pu)

d-axis sub-transient reactance (x"_d=x"_q)

in machine p.u.

x_l (pu)

Leakage

in machine p.u.

T'_do (s)

d-axis transient open-circuit time constant

second

T"_do (s)

d-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant

second

T"_qo (s)

q-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant

second

S10

Saturation function value for 1 p.u. input


S12

Saturation function value for 1.2 p.u. input


Available I/O Pins 

No

Pin Description

Pin Type

Value/Unit

Instruction

1

Get rotor angle

O

Radian

machineID/pins/delta

2

Get rotor speed deviation

O

p.u.

machineID/pins/slip

3

Get injected current magnitude

O

p.u. (machine base)

machineID/pins/Imag

4

Get injected current angle

O

Degree

machineID/pins/Iang

5

Get internal voltage magnitude

O

p.u.

machineID/pins/internalVmag

6

Get internal voltage angle

O

Degree

machineID/pins/getInternalVang (up to RT-LAB 2023.2)

machineID/pins/internalVang (RT-LAB 2023.3+)

7

Set/Get excitation voltage

I/O

p.u.

machineID/pins/Efd

8

Set/Get mechanical input torque

I/O

p.u. (machine base)

machineID/pins/Pmech

9

Set/Get service status

I/O

1: In-service

0: Out-of-service

machineID/pins/status

10

Get generated active power

O

MW

machineID/pins/Pelec

11

Get generated reactive power

O

MVAr

machineID/pins/Qelec


Example

See the Machine page in phasor01_IEEE39.xlsx file in demo PHASOR-01.

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