Table of Contents | ||||||||||||
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Network Components
Nodes
PowerFactory Component | Supported Features | Comments / Limitations | |
---|---|---|---|
Terminal ( |
|
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Branches
Switches
PowerFactory Component | Supported Features | Comments / Limitations | |
---|---|---|---|
Switch ( |
|
Known unsupported features:
| |
Breaker/Switch ( |
| Known unsupported features:
|
Lines and Other Non-Transformer Branches
PowerFactory Component | Supported Features | Comments / Limitations | |
---|---|---|---|
Line ( |
|
| |
Common Impedance ( |
|
Known unsupported features:
| |
Series Reactor ( |
| Known unsupported features:
| |
Series Capacitor ( |
| Known unsupported features:
| |
Series RLC-Filter ( |
|
Transformers
PowerFactory Component | Supported Features | Comments / Limitations | |
---|---|---|---|
3-Phase 2W-Transformer ( |
|
Known unsupported features:
| |
3-Phase 3W-Transformer ( |
|
Known unsupported features:
|
Generators, Loads and Shunts
Sources and Generators
PowerFactory Component | Supported Features | Comments / Limitations | |
---|---|---|---|
AC Voltage Source ( (one terminal) |
|
| |
Synchronous Machine ( |
| Known unsupported features:
| |
Static Generator ( |
|
|
Loads and Shunts
PowerFactory Component | Supported Features | Comments / Limitations | |
---|---|---|---|
Shunt/Filter RL, RLC, C ( |
|
Known unsupported features:
| |
General Load ( |
|
Known unsupported features:
|
Standard Dynamic Models (PSS/E Compatible)
Info |
---|
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory. See Comments / Limitations column. |
Excitation Systems
Model Name | Supported Versions | Comments / Limitations |
---|---|---|
AC7B |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.9. |
...
| |
AC8B |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.11. |
...
| |
DC3A |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.21. |
...
| |
ESAC1A |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.25. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory (e.g., Saturation Function).
| |
ESAC2A |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.26. |
...
| |
ESAC3A |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.27. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory (e.g., Saturation Function).
| |
ESDC2A |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.33. |
...
| |
ESST1A |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.34. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory.
| |
ESST2A |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.35. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory.
| |
EXAC1 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.40. |
...
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory (e.g., Saturation Function).
Estimated error for excitation voltage signal < 2%*
...
EXAC2
...
| |
EXAC2 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.42. |
...
| |
EXAC3 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.43. |
...
| |
EXDC2 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.46. |
...
| |
EXPIC1 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.50. |
...
| |
EXST1 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.51. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory.
| |
EXST3 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.54 |
...
. |
|
IEEET1 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.55. |
...
| |
IEEET2 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.56. |
...
| |
IEEET3 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.57. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory.
| |
SCRX |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.73. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory.
| |
SEXS |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 6.74 |
...
. |
|
* Errors have been computed by signal comparison function from ScopeView
(i.e., sgncmp
, ref: Advanced | SIGCMP). Simulations have been performed on unit test models where the event was either a setpoint or a load change.
res = sigcmp(HYPERSIM Signal, PowerFactory Signal, Tol)
The error is the tolerance value that allows to obtain a result of zero along the simulation interval.
Turbine-Governors
Model Name | Supported Versions | Comments / Limitations |
---|---|---|
DEGOV1 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 7.4. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory.
| |
HYGOV |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 7.15. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory.
...
| |
TGOV1 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 7.40. |
There are small differences in the implementation of the model in HYPERSIM, with respect to those in PowerFactory (e.g., controller droop block, initialization of governor setpoints).
| |
TGOV2 |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 7.42. |
...
|
...
|
Simulation Events
...
Event
...
Supported Features
...
Comments / Limitations
...
Short-Circuit Event (EvtShc)
...
Three-phase, two-phase or single-phase.
Fault clearing event to specify “duration” of the fault.
** Please refer to Terminal (ElmTerm
) for more information.
...
Only Short-Circuit Events on terminals (i.e.,
ElmTerm
objects) are currently supported.Short-circuit events with fault reactance are not supported.
Short-circuit events with zero-crossing clearing type are currently not leading to the same simulation results in HYPERSIM.
...
Switch Event (EvtSwitch)
Action, execution time and affected phases
...
WEHGOV |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 7.52. |
|
GAST |
V2023 / Reference: PSS-E 35.2.0 Model Library, sec 7.6 |
|
Simulation Events
Event | Supported Features | Comments / Limitations |
---|---|---|
Short-Circuit Event (EvtShc) |
** Please refer to Terminal ( |
|
...
Power Flow Computation Limitations
UCMs in HYPERSIM lack support for dynamic load-flow. This has an impact on the import of PowerFactory network models containing loads with the Complex Load Type
or Extended Ward Equivalent
voltage sources.
...
| ||
Switch Event (EvtSwitch) |
** Please refer to Switch ( |
|
Power Flow Computation Limitations
UCMs in HYPERSIM lack support for dynamic load-flow. This has an impact on the import of PowerFactory network models containing loads with the Complex Load Type
or Extended Ward Equivalent
voltage sources.
An alternative method for such advanced load flow calculations is suggested. This method involves the following steps:
Step 1: Fill the load flow setpoint data fields in the Load Flow
tab of the UCM block's mask.
The field values will very likely include expressions that refer to other component variables.
For instance, in the example above the expressions for P and Q are the following:
P=-50e6*(0.5*(bus3.LF_Voltage/132)^0.9+0.4*(bus3.LF_Voltage/132)^1.7+0.1*(bus3.LF_Voltage/132)^2.1)
Q=-20e6*(0.45*(bus3.LF_Voltage/132)^1.0+0.35*(bus3.LF_Voltage/132)^2.5+0.2*(bus3.LF_Voltage/132)^0.5)
Step 2: Open the Parameter Form of the bus to which the component is connected. Go to the Load Flow Results tab. Execute the load flow several times until the Voltage field value converges.
Iteration 0 | Iteration 1 |
Iteration 2 | Iteration 3 |
Iteration 4 |
Differences in the Implementation of Synchronous Machine Control System Models
Components of the Control Exciters, Control Governors and Control Stabilizers libraries in HYPERSIM are based on their respective implementation from a given version of PSS/E. The behavior of these components has been validated against simulation results in that specific version of PSS/E. Where applicable, HYPERSIM components have also referenced IEEE standards such as the “IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies“ (IEEE Std 421.5-2005).
However, the implementation of a same control component may vary from one version to another of PSS/E, as illustrated with the example below:
It can be noted that the output of the voltage regulator of the model shown in the figure above is limited in the range [ F * VRmin
, F * VRmax
]. It turns out, that the function F has different definitions among different PSS/E versions:
PSS/E 33.4:
F = [1.0 + F1IMF * (ET - 1.0)] * (KE + KD + SE)
PSS/E 34.2:
F = [1.0 + F1IMF * (ET - 1.0)]
PSS/E 35.1.0:
F = [1.0 + F1IMF * (ET - 1.0)] * (KE + KD + SE)
PowerFactory, on the other side, also provides dynamic model blocks that are compliant with PSS/E. It is not entirely clear, to which version of PSS/E the components from its v2022 Standard Dynamic Models library are referring to. But, all the components from its v2023 Standard Dynamic Models library are referring to the PSS/E 35.2.0 Model Library. Most of HYPERSIM’s dynamic model blocks are referring to PSS/E 34.2 Model Library.
Some other typical causes of mismatches in the response of dynamic models are the following:
Different model initialization.
Additional calculated inputs which result in offsets at summation point outputs.
Different implementation of basic blocks such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and the exciter saturation characteristic. An example of this last item is shown in the table below, where two mathematical definitions of the saturation characteristic are provided.
Exponential Function | Quadratic Function | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Import of subsystems
Components will be grouped inside subsystems if the model contain either:
more than 1 Grid (
ElmNet
)any Site (
ElmSite
) or Substation (ElmSubstat
)
Example with the PowerFactory 400kV Transmission System
Top level representation.
The 4 Grids are imported as subsystems, with the interconnection lines in-between.
Representation of the South-East Grid
The Grid contains 3 Sites, each of them being imported as subsystem.
Representation of the South-East Site “SE_03_Site”
The Site contains only 1 substation, imported as a subsystem.
The diagram in PowerFactory shows the bus and breakers, but we cannot do that in Hypersim (that doesn’t have the diagram concept PowerFactory has).
In Hypersim, these components will only be visible on the substation level (see next point).
Representation of the South-East Substation “SE_03”
The Substation will display the breakers.
Limitations
Depending on the available diagrams in the exported XML model, some components may not be correctly located on the schema.