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Arc Furnace
Description
The arc furnace model represents both the static and the dynamic behavior of the arc resistance. The characteristic of the furnace depends on the active power consumption which varies with the different operating conditions.This model is used to study the harmonics returned to the network and the wave quality, particularly the voltage flicker.
Mask and Parameters
General Parameters
| Description | Use this field to add all kinds of information about the component |
| Arc resistance variation characteristic | Characteristic type of arc resistance; operating mode
|
| Active power consumption - P | Average power representing the operating conditions of the furnace; used to calculate the characteristic of the furnace before its ignition, irrespective of the operating mode (MW) |
| Ignition voltage - Vig | Voltage to be reached to ignite the furnace, hence for the electric arc to strike (V peak LG) |
| Extinction voltage - Vex | Voltage at which the furnace extinguishes; must be lower than the ignition voltage (V peak LG) |
| Current difference (Iig - Iex) | Difference between ignition and extinction currents; must be greater than 0 (kA) |
Sinusoidal Variation Parameters
| Frequency | Frequency of sinusoidal variation (Hz) |
| Amplitude | Amplitude of sinusoidal variation (Ω) |
| Phase | Phase of sinusoidal variation (deg) |
White Noise Variation Parameters
- Amplitude: Amplitude of random variation (Ω)
- Seed: Random sequence seed for white noise
Ports, Inputs, Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring
Ports
- Net_1: Network connection (supports only 3-phase connections)
Inputs
- None
Outputs
- None
Sensors
| I(a,b,c) | Arc furnace current (A) |
| V(a,b,c) | Arc furnace voltage (V) |
| WhiteNoise | Random variation added to the arc furnace resistance when the selected characteristic is Static + white noise, before bandpass filtering (Ω) |
| WhiteNoiseFilt | Random variation added to the arc furnace resistance when the selected characteristic is Static + white noise, after bandpass filtering (Ω) |
Description of the Load Model
The block diagram of the arc furnace implementation is shown below:
The V-I characteristic consists of three regions and is calculated using the arc furnace parameters and operating conditions. The R2 resistance, or the arc furnace resistance when the ignition threshold voltage is reached, depends only on the extinction and ignition firing voltages and their respective currents. As for the resistance prior to ignition firing, it is also dependent on the aforementioned parameters in addition to the average operating power. To this last resistance, it is possible to add a sinusoidal or random variation depending on the characteristic defined by the user. Hence the model takes into account and includes the periodic and stochastic changes in the arc resistance before its ignition.
The variables used in the block diagram are defined as follows:
| Vall | Furnace ignition voltage |
| Vex | Furnace extinction voltage |
| I2-I1 | Difference between ignition and extinction currents |
| Pmoy | Average operating power |
| Amp_sin | Amplitude of sinusoidal variation |
| Freq_sin | Frequency of sinusoidal variation |
| Pha_sin | Phase of sinusoidal variation |
| Amp_al: | Amplitude of random variation |
| Germe | Random sequence seed for white noise |
| Type | Characteristic type of arc resistance |
| R1 | Resistance of furnace static characteristic before ignition |
| R1' | Final furnace resistance before ignition |
| R2 | Furnace resistance once ignited |
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