Description

The Hydraulic Synchronous Machine component is a fully complete and functional model. It integrates various subsystems such as the excitation system, stabilizer, speed regulator, hydraulic turbine, shaft, etc.

The model has the following main features:

A generic synchronous generator model implements the equations of the synchronous alternator in the Park axis
A generic speed regulator for hydraulic generating plants.
A generic hydraulic turbine and a shaft model.

The Hydraulic Synchronous Machine participates in the load flow, using a steady-state solution of the network to define some parameters to initialize the machine.

Table of Contents

Mask and Parameters

General Controls

Variable	Description	Unit	Variable = {Possible Values}
Nominal electrical power of generator	Base nominal electrical power of generator (3ph)	MVA
Nominal mechanical power of turbine	Base nominal mechanical power of turbine	MW
Voltage (rms LL)	Base voltage (rms LL)	kV
Angular frequency	Base angular frequency	rad/s
Voltage	Voltage reference	pu
Voltage reference selection	Voltage reference selection		Vref Vref = Vt
Power filter	Power reference filter time constant	s
Active power	Active power reference	MW
Speed	Speed reference	pu
Reactive power	Reactive power reference (only if Vref = Vt)	Mvar

Synchronous Generator

Direct axis diagram

Quadrature axis diagram

Saturation diagram

Variable	Description	Unit	Variable = {Possible Values}
Xd	Direct axis synchronous reactance	pu
X’d	Direct axis transient reactance	pu
X''d	Direct axis sub-transient reactance	pu
T’do	Direct axis transient time constant	s
T''do	Direct axis sub-transient time constant	s
Xq	Quadrature axis synchronous reactance	pu
X’q	Quadrature axis transient reactance	pu
X''q	Quadrature axis sub-transient reactance	pu
T’q	Quadrature axis transient time constant	s
T''q	Quadrature axis sub-transient time constant	s
Saturation	Saturation		On/Off
EU	Voltage upper saturation limit	pu
EL	Voltage lower saturation limit	pu
SGU	Saturation coefficient
SGL	Saturation coefficient
Ra	Armature resistance	pu
XI	Armature leakage reactance	pu
Xtfo	Transformer leakage reactance (NULL is the generator output is regulated)	pu
Rtfo	Transformer copper resistance (NULL is the generator output is regulated)	pu
Tdif	Differentiation time constant	s
Lower limit of the field current	Lower limit of the field current	pu
Upper limit of the field current	Upper limit of the field current	pu
Initial voltage angle of external impedance	Initial voltage angle of external impedance	degree
Frequency setting time	Frequency setting time	s

Exciter

Exciter diagram

Variable	Description	Unit	Variable = {Possible Values}
Excitation circuit	Excitation circuit		On/Off
Modelling of excitation circuit	Modelling of excitation circuit		Internal/External (input pins)
Kp	Excitation proportional gain on voltage limit
Tr	Voltage measurement time constant	s
Ka	Voltage regulator gain
Ta	Voltage regulator time constant	s
Kf	Damping filter feedback gain
Tf	Excitator damping filter feedback time constant	s
ex_Efdfix	Constant excitation voltage	pu
ex_Vtmin	Minimum static limit of voltage measurement	pu
ex_Vtmax	Maximum static limit of voltage measurement	pu
ex_Vrmin	Minimum static limit of excitation voltage	pu
ex_Vrmax	Maximum static limit of excitation voltage	pu

Stabilizer

Stabilizer diagram

Variable	Description	Unit	Variable = {Possible Values}
Stabilizer circuit	Stabilizer circuit		On/Off
Modelling of stabilizer circuit	Modelling of stabilizer circuit		Internal/External (input pins)
Kap	Gain on electric power
Kag	Gain on gate opening
Tap	Time constant on electric power	s
Tag	Time constant on gate opening	s
Ks	Stabilizer gain
Vsmin	Minimum limit of stabilizer voltage	pu
Vsmax	Maximum limit of stabilizer voltage	pu
Tw1	Stabilizer gate opening time constant 1	s
Tw2	Stabilizer gate opening time constant 2	s
T1	Stabilizer time constant 1	s
T2	Stabilizer time constant 2	s
T3	Stabilizer time constant 3	s
T4	Stabilizer time constant 4	s
T5	Stabilizer time constant 5	s
T6	Stabilizer time constant 6	s

Speed Regulator

Speed regulator diagram

Variable	Description	Unit	Variable = {Possible Values}
Regulation mode	Regulation mode		Gate opening/Electrical power
Modelling of speed regulator	Modelling of speed regulator		Internal/External (input pins)
Kg	Regulator gain
Tp	Time constant for permanent droop	s
sigma	Permanent droop
delta	Transient droop
Ts

Synch. Machine (Hydraulic)