Documentation Home Page ◇ HYPERSIM Home Page
Pour la documentation en FRANÇAIS, utilisez l'outil de traduction de votre navigateur Chrome, Edge ou Safari. Voir un exemple.
Battery
Mask and Parameters
Nominal parameters
Parameter name | Description | Unit | Variable = {Possible Values} |
---|---|---|---|
Description | Use this field to add all kinds of information about the component. | Description = {'string'} | |
Type of battery | Provides a set of predetermined charge and discharge parameters for four types of battery: 1- Lead-Acid, 2- Li-Ion, 3- Li-Ion LFP, 4- Li-Ion NMC, 5- Li-Ion NCR/NCA , 6- Li-Ion LTO, 7- Nickel-Cadmium, 8- Nickel-Metal-Hydride. | battType = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} | |
Nominal voltage | Nominal voltage of the battery. | V | Vnom = { [0, 1e64] } |
Rated capacity | The Rated capacity of the battery is the minimum effective capacity of the battery. | Ah | Qnom = { [0, 1e64] } |
Initial state-of-charge (SOC) | Initial state of charge of the battery. | % | SOC = { [0, 100] } |
Battery response time | Response time of the voltage, at 95% of the final value, when the current has a step change. The value represents the voltage dynamics of the battery. | s | batt_Tr = { [0, 1e64] } |
Discharge parameters (standard parameters)
Parameter name | Description | Unit | Variable = {Possible Values} |
---|---|---|---|
Maximum capacity | Maximum capacity of the battery. | Ah | maxQ = { [0, 1e64] } |
Cut-off voltage | Minimum allowable battery voltage. This voltage represents the end of the discharge characteristics (the battery is fully discharged). | V | minV = { [0, 1e64] } |
Fully charge voltage | Voltage at maximum charge of the battery. The fully charged voltage is not the no-load voltage. | V | fullV = { [0, 1e64] } |
Nominal discharge current | Nominal discharge current for which the discharge curve is measured. | A | disRate = { [0, 1e64] } |
Internal resistance | Internal resistance of the battery. When a type of battery is selected, a generic value is loaded that corresponds to a specific % of the nominal power (nominal voltage multiplied by the battery rated capacity). The resistance is constant during the charge and the discharge cycles and does not vary with the amplitude of the current. | Ohm | R = { [0, 1e64] } |
Capacity (Ah) at nominal voltage | Capacity extracted from the battery until the voltage drops under the nominal voltage. This value should be between the current at exponential zone and the maximum capacity of the battery. | Ah | normalOP = { [0, 1e64] } |
Voltage at exponential zone | Voltage that correspond to the end of the exponential zone. The voltage should be between the nominal voltage and the fully charge voltage. | V | expZoneV = { [0, 1e64] } |
Capacity at exponential zone | Current that correspond to the end of the exponential zone. The current should be between the 0 and the rated capacity of the battery. | Ah | expZoneI = { [0, 1e64] } |
Discharge parameters (customized parameters)
Parameter name | Description | Unit | Variable = {Possible Values} |
---|---|---|---|
Customized parameters | When enabled, the user can set the discharge parameters and the model will use them instead of the standard discharge parameters. | override = {0,1} | |
Maximum capacity | Customized maximum capacity of the battery. | Ah | maxQ_cust = { [0, 1e64] } |
Cut-off voltage | Customized minimum allowable battery voltage. This voltage represents the end of the discharge characteristics (the battery is fully discharged). | V | minV_cust = { [0, 1e64] } |
Fully charge voltage | Customized voltage at maximum charge of the battery. The fully charged voltage is not the no-load voltage. | V | fullV_cust = { [0, 1e64] } |
Nominal discharge current | Customized nominal discharge current for which the discharge curve is measured. | A | disRate_cust = { [0, 1e64] } |
Internal resistance | Customized internal resistance of the battery. When a type of battery is selected, a generic value is loaded that corresponds to a specific % of the nominal power (nominal voltage multiplied by the battery rated capacity). The resistance is constant during the charge and the discharge cycles and does not vary with the amplitude of the current. | Ohm | R_cust = { [0, 1e64] } |
Capacity (Ah) at nominal voltage | Customized capacity extracted from the battery until the voltage drops under the nominal voltage. This value should be between the current at exponential zone and the maximum capacity of the battery. | Ah | normalOP_cust = { [0, 1e64] } |
Voltage at exponential zone | Customized voltage that correspond to the end of the exponential zone. The voltage should be between the nominal voltage and the fully charge voltage. | V | expZoneV_cust = { [0, 1e64] } |
Capacity at exponential zone | Customized current that correspond to the end of the exponential zone. The current should be between the 0 and the rated capacity of the battery. | Ah | expZoneI_cust = { [0, 1e64] } |
Ports, Inputs, Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring
Ports
Name | Description |
---|---|
Positive | Network connector on the DC side; The + indicates this is the positive terminal (supports only 1-phase connections). |
Negative | Network connector on the DC side; The - indicates this is the negative terminal (supports only 1-phase connections). |
Inputs
Name | Description | Units |
---|---|---|
reset | Logic signal to reset the state of charge (SOC) to its initial value during the simulation. |
Keep one line to create space with the next section
Outputs
Name | Description | Units |
---|---|---|
Ibatt | DC output current of the battery. | A |
SOC | State of charge of the battery. | % |
Vbatt | DC output voltage of the battery. | V |
Sensors
Name | Description | Units |
---|---|---|
reset | Logic signal to reset the state of charge (SOC) to its initial value during the simulation. | |
Ibatt | DC output current of the battery. | A |
SOC | State of charge of the battery. | % |
Vbatt | DC output voltage of the battery. | V |
Additional Information
The figure below shows the equivalent circuit implemented in the battery model.
Equivalent circuit implemented in the model
For the Lead-Acid battery type, the model uses the following equations:
- Discharge Model ( ifilter > 0 ):
- Charge Model ( ifilter < 0 ):
For the Lithium-Ion battery family type, the model uses the following equations:
- Discharge Model ( ifilter > 0 ):
- Charge Model ( ifilter < 0 ):
For the Nickel-Cadmium and Nickel-Metal-Hydride battery type, the model uses the following equations:
- Discharge Model ( ifilter > 0 ):
- Charge Model ( ifilter < 0 ):
where:
is the constant voltage, in V.
is the exponential zone dynamics, in V.
represents the battery mode. during battery discharge, during battery charging.
is the polarization constant, in V/Ah, or polarization resistance, in Ohms.
is the low-frequency current dynamics, in A.
is the battery current, in A.
is the extracted capacity, in Ah.
is the maximum battery capacity, in Ah.
is the exponential voltage, in V.
is the exponential capacity, in Ah-1.
Charge and Discharge Characteristics
The circuit parameters can be modified to represent each of the four battery types presented in the model as well as its discharge characteristics. A typical discharge curve consists of three sections.
Typical Discharge Characteristics
The first section shows the exponential voltage drop when the battery is charged. The width of the drop depends on the battery type. The second section indicates the charge that can be extracted from the battery until the voltage drops below the battery nominal voltage. Finally, the third section illustrates the total discharge of the battery, when the voltage drops rapidly.
When the battery current is negative, the battery recharges, following a charge characteristic.
Typical Charge Characteristics for Lead-Acid, Li-ion, NiMH and NiCD
The model parameters are calculated from the discharge characteristics. The discharging and charging characteristics are considered to be the same.
The transfer function represents the hysteresis phenomenon for the Lead-Acid, Nickel-Cadmium (NiCD), and Nickel-Metal-Hydride (NiMH) batteries during the charge and discharge cycles. The exponential voltage increases when a battery is charging, regardless of the battery's state of charge. When the battery is discharging, the exponential voltage decreases immediately as shown in the following figure.
Exponential Zone for Lead-Acid, NiMH and NiCD
The state of charge (SOC) for a battery is a measure of battery's charge, expressed as a percent of the full charge. The depth of discharge (DOD) is the numerical compliment of the SOC, such that DOD = 100% - SOC.
Battery Modeling
The battery model developed as a sub-circuit containing a power part, consisting of a HYPERSIM-based controlled voltage source and a series internal resistance, and a control part, consisting of a battery model that implements the dependence of the internal voltage on the current sensed at the output of the battery. The battery model has been designed using native HYPERSIM control components and User Code Model (UCM) type components. The figure below shows the internal circuit of the battery model.
Internal circuit of the battery
Limitations
The minimum no-load battery voltage is 0 V and the maximum battery voltage is equal to