Description

The 3-phase circuit breaker is simulated as a variable resistance; very low if the breaker is closed and very high if the breaker is open. It can be controlled either with internal timing or by an external source through control signals or target digital inputs.

Table of Contents

Mask and Parameters

General Parameters

Name	Description		Unit	Variable = {Possible Values}
Description	Use this field to add all kinds of information about the component			Description = {'string'}
Control type	The breakers' state can be controlled from any of the following sources			CmdBlockSelect = {0, 1, 3}
	Internal {0}	Internal control defined in the the Timing tab
	External (input sensors) {1}	Target digital inputs on CMD(a,b,c) sensors
	External (input pins) {3}	Schematic control signal; the received integer is converted to a binary string where each digit corresponds to a phase. Click here for more info.
Ropen	Open state resistance of phase breakers		Ω	ROpen = { [0, 1e12] }
Rclosed	Closed state resistance of phase breakers		Ω	RClose = { [0, 1e12] }
Current chopping limit	Threshold for the absolute value of current below which the breaker is forced to open, simulating the effect of current chopping. Applies only when the model type is set to 'Breaker'.		A	Imargin = { [0, 1e64] }
Base power	Base value for PU conversion		MVA total	pBase = { [1, 1e64] }
Base voltage	Base value for PU conversion		kV rms LL	vBase = { [1, 1e64] }
Base frequency	Base value for PU conversion		Hz	fBase = { [1, 1e64] }

Timing Parameters

Name	Description		Unit	Variable = {Possible Values}
Time units	Units applied to the programmed state transition operations			Ut = {s, ms, c}
	Second {s}	All operations T_n are in seconds
	Millisecond {ms}	All operations T_n are in milliseconds
	Cycle {c}	All operations T_n are in electrical cycles (setting the frequency is mandatory)
General operation	Master switch that determines whether the programmed operations will occur upon triggering an acquisition			EnaGen = {0, 1}
	Disable {0}	Programmed operations are disabled
	Enable {1}	Programmed operations are enabled
Steady-state condition	State of phase breakers in steady-state; “colored” if the breaker is closed and “grey” if the breaker is opened			EtatIniA = {0, 1} EtatIniB = {0, 1} EtatIniC = {0, 1}
Network frequency	Legacy. Should be set using the parameter "Base frequency".		Hz	Freq = { [45, 70] }
Model type	For each phase, determine whether the component acts as a switch or as a breaker			TypeA = {0, 1} TypeB = {0, 1} TypeC = {0, 1}
	Breaker {0}	Once the time condition is met, the breaker waits for the current to cross the breaking capacity before changing its state
	Switch {1}	The state of the switch changes as soon as the time condition is met
Enable	Enable/disable the state transition operation on the same line.			EnaT1 = {0, 1} EnaT2 = {0, 1} ...
	Disable {0}	Disable the state transition operation on the same line
	Enable {1}	Enable the state transition operation on the same line. If the line is enabled but no information is filled, the state transition operation is ignored.
Time	Relative time (with respect to POW synchronization) when the command is sent to the breaker (or switch) to change state. There are four ways to input this time. Important notes: For changes of state to occur, programmed operation times must always respect T_n>T_n-1. If a parameter field is blank or contains “-”, no switching will occur for this line. There is no alias for the type of timing in the API. The timing type and values are entered as a single string. If using referenced operations, the calculated time is applied after it received the command from the other component. See the Referenced Operations section for more information.		Refer to "Time units" parameter	T1 = {'string'} T2 = {'string'} ...
	Fixed	{f: fixed time} At each acquisition, T_n command is sent at the same time for all phases selected in "Phase operated".
	Incremental	{i: initial time/final time/time increment} For the first acquisition, T_n command is sent at the set initial time for all phases selected in "Phase operated". Then at each acquisition, T_n command is sent a time increment later than the previous acquisition. Once the final time is reached, the next acquisition will be done using the initial time again.
	Uniform	{u: minimal time/maximal time} At each acquisition, T_n command is sent at a random time. The probability is uniform over the specified range. All phases selected in "Phase operated" DO NOT receive the command at the same time, it is also random.
	Uniform gaussian	{ug: minimal time/maximal time/ dispersion} At each acquisition, T_n command is sent at a random time. The probability follows a gaussian distribution over the specified range. All phases selected in "Phase operated" DO NOT receive the command at the same time, it is also random.
Referenced operations	Use to refer the triggering of T_n to another breaker programmed state transition. See the Referenced Operations section for more information. NB: all columns must be filled for the referenced operation to work.
	Component	Name (or path) of the breaker to which the timing is referenced		Eref1 = {'path.name'} Eref2 = {'path.name'} ...
	Time	Time T_n ID of the referenced breaker's step to which the timing is referenced		Tref1 = {T_n} Tref2 = {T_n} ...
	Phase/Command	Activate (Phase {1}) or deactivate (Command {0}) the reference dependency		T1RPh = {0, 1} T2RPh = {0, 1} ...
Phase operated	The list of all phases that will change state when the timing condition is reached. So if after T_n-1 the A and C phases are OFF and T_n triggers B and C, after T_n phases A and B will be OFF, and C will be ON.			T1Pa, T1Pb, T1Pc = {0, 1} T2Pa, T2,Pb, T2Pc = {0, 1} ...
	ON {1}	"Colored" when a state transition shall occur
	OFF {0}	"Grayed out" when no state transition shall occur

Ports, Inputs, Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring

Ports

Name	Description
Net_1	Network connection; the "+" indicates the current measurement direction (supports only 3-phase connections)
Net_2	Network connection (supports only 3-phase connections)

Inputs

Name	Description
P	Control input for all phase breaker commands. Click here for more info.

Outputs

None

Sensors

Name	Description	Unit
CMD(a,b,c)	Phase breaker commands
I(a,b,c)	Phase breaker currents	A
P	Control input for all phase breaker commands; the received integer is converted to a binary string where each digit corresponds to a phase; the most significant bit (msb) of the binary corresponds to phase C and the least significant bit (LSB) to phase A. See details here.
Psw(a,b,c)	Instantaneous apparent power measured at positive port of the breaker at each phase.	VA
STATE(a,b,c)	Phase breaker states (may differ from the commands based on the "Model type" parameter)
V(a,b,c)	Phase breaker voltage	V

Using the Input Pin

The circuit breaker can be controlled with the external pin. The input signal is of integer type and is internally converted to a logic value for all phases. The following tables show how to use the inputs:

Binary Value	State
0	Open
1	Close

Input	C	B	A
0	0	0	0
1	0	0	1	A
2	0	1	0	B
3	0	1	1	AB
4	1	0	0	C
5	1	0	1	AC
6	1	1	0	BC
7	1	1	1	ABC

Using Referenced Operations

It is possible to trigger T_n when another breaker's programmed state transition has been triggered. In this case, the effective state transition occurrence is given by summing the referenced component referenced operation time, the locally programmed operation time and the delay related to waiting for the current to drop below the breaking capacity (for the breaker model type only).

In the example below, the breaker Di1 refers to the breaker Di2.

For T1
- At 0.1 s, the command is sent for phases B and C of Di1 and phases A,B and C of Di2 to open, what they will do as soon as the current drops below the breaking capacity.
- Phase A of Di1 will remain closed.
For T2
- Di2 will fully reclose at 0.2 s.
- Di1 will wait for Di2.T1, which happened at 0.1 s, and will send the change command at a random time between 0.1 and 0.4 s. Thus the effective change command will occur in the range [0.1+0.1, 0.1+0.4].
- Still, phase A still being closed, it'll wait for the current to drop below the breaking capacity before changing, whereas phases B and C will reclose as soon as the command is received.

In ScopeView, let's look at all sensors for the 2 breakers, and apply the following acquisition parameters :

Once an acquisition is triggered, the following results are obtained:

Here are some observations :

The CMD entries show when the command was sent to the breaker. Therefore, the transition is immediate from 1 to 0.
The STATE entries show the effective state changes that depend on the "Model type" parameter. Therefore:
- If the device is configured as a switch, STATE = CMD
- If the device is configured as a breaker, all phases receive the command at the same time, but they wait for their value to reach the breaking capacity parameter, thus the small time difference for each phase
This difference between CMD and STATE is only visible when open a breaker (as when closing, the current is always 0)
The times are respected as stated above, Di2 opens and closes at 0.1 and 0.2, whereas Di1 opens at 0.1, and closed at 0.305s.
The phase A of Di1 does not act like Di1's other phases. It has the opposite behaviour, i.e. closes when the other phases open and vice versa. It could be possible to synchronize them again by adding another step where only phase A would change.

Circuit Breaker, 3-Phase