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Exciter
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ePHASORSIM native library has the following PSS/e supported exciter models.
Exciter AC7B
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Kpr | Voltage regulator proportional gain | pu |
Kir | Voltage regulator integral gain | pu |
Kdr | Voltage regulator derivative gain | pu |
Tdr | Lag time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
| Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Kpa | Voltage regulator proportional gain | pu |
Kia | Voltage regulator integral gain | pu |
Vamax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vamin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Kp | Potential circuit gain coefficient | pu |
Kl | Exciter field voltage lower limit parameter | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kc | Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance | pu |
Kd | Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactance | pu |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
Kf1 | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Kf2 | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Kf3 | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Tf3 | Excitation control system stabilizer time constant | s |
Vemin | Minimum exciter voltage output | pu |
Vfemax | Exciter field voltage limit reference | pu |
E1 | Field voltage value 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Field voltage value 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter AC8B
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Kpr | Voltage regulator proportional gain | pu |
Kir | Voltage regulator integral gain | pu |
Kdr | Voltage regulator derivative gain | pu |
Tdr | Lag time constant | s |
Ka | Voltage regulator gain | pu |
Ta | Voltage regulator time constant | s |
Vpidmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vpidmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
| Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
| Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kc | Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance | pu |
Kd | Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactance | pu |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
Vfemax | Exciter field voltage limit reference | pu |
Vemin | Minimum exciter voltage output | pu |
E1 | Field voltage value 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Field voltage value 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter ESAC1A
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Regulator input filter time constant | s |
Tb | AVR lead-leg numerator time constant | s |
Tc | AVR lead-leg denominator time constant | s |
Ka | AVR filter gain | pu |
Ta | AVR filter time constant | s |
Vamax | Maximum filter output | pu |
| Vamin | Minimum filter output | pu |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Kf | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Tf | Excitation control system stabilizer time constant | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
Kd | Demagnetizing factor | pu |
Kc | Rectifier loading factor | pu |
E1 | Field voltage value 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Field voltage value 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter ESAC2A
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Regulator input filter time constant | s |
Tb | AVR lead-leg numerator time constant | s |
Tc | AVR lead-leg denominator time constant | s |
Ka | AVR filter gain | pu |
Ta | AVR filter time constant | s |
Vamax | Maximum filter output | pu |
| Vamin | Minimum filter output | pu |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vfemax | Exciter field voltage limit reference | pu |
Kh | Exciter field current feedback gain | pu |
Kb | Second stage regulator gain | pu |
Kf | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Tf | Excitation control system stabilizer time constant | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
Kd | Demagnetizing factor | pu |
Kc | Rectifier loading factor | pu |
E1 | Field voltage value 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Field voltage value 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter ESAC3A
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Regulator input filter time constant | s |
Tb | AVR lead-leg numerator time constant | s |
Tc | AVR lead-leg denominator time constant | s |
Ka | AVR filter gain | pu |
Ta | AVR filter time constant | s |
Vamax | Maximum filter output | pu |
| Vamin | Minimum filter output | pu |
Vfemax | Exciter field voltage limit reference | pu |
Vemin | Minimum exciter field voltage output | pu |
Kf | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Tf | Excitation control system stabilizer time constant | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
Kd | Demagnetizing factor | pu |
Kc | Rectifier loading factor | pu |
Kn | Exciter control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Kr | Constant associated with regulator and alternator field power supply | pu |
Efdn | Value of Efd at which feedback changes | pu |
E1 | Field voltage value 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Field voltage value 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter ESAC5A
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Input filter time constant | s |
Ka | Gain | pu |
Ta | Time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum controller output | pu |
| Vrmin | Minimum controller output | pu |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter field resistance line slope | pu |
Tf1 | Rate feebdack lag time constant | s |
Tf2 | Rate feebdack lag time constant | s |
Tf3 | Rate feebdack lead time constant | s |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | pu |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | pu |
Exciter ESAC6A
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Ka | Gain | pu |
Ta | Time constant | s |
Tk | Lag time constant=0 | s |
Tb | Time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Vamax | Maximum controller output | pu |
| Vamin | Minimum controller output | pu |
Vrmax | Maximum exciter output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum exciter output | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kh | Exciter field current limiter gain | pu |
Tj | Field current limiter time constant | s |
Th | Field current limiter time constant | s |
Vfelim | Exciter field current limit reference | pu |
Vhmax | Maximum field current limiter | pu |
Kd | Exciter internal reactance | pu |
Kc | Rectifier regulation factor | pu |
Ke | Exciter field resistance constant | pu |
E1 | Field voltage value 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Field voltage value 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter ESAC8B
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Voltage transducer time constant | s |
Kp | Voltage regulator proportional gain | pu |
Ki | Voltage regulator integral gain | pu |
Kd | Voltage regulator derivative gain | pu |
Td | Voltage regulator derivative time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum controller output | pu |
| Vrmin | Minimum controller output | pu |
Ka | Amplifier gain | pu |
Ta | Amplifier time constant | s |
Te | Exciter field time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter field proportional constant=0 | pu |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | pu |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | pu |
Exciter ESDC1A
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Ka | Gain | pu |
Ta | Time constant | s |
Tb | Lag time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum controller output | pu |
| Vrmin | Minimum controller output | pu |
Ke | Exciter field resistance line slope | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Tf1 | Rate feedback time constant | s |
Switch | Switch to select a multiplier for the output voltage Efd. In this model it can only be 0, so that the multiplier is 1 | - |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | pu |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | pu |
Exciter ESDC2A
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Ka | Gain | pu |
Ta | Time constant | s |
Tb | Lag time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum controller output | pu |
| Vrmin | Minimum controller output | pu |
Ke | Exciter field resistance line slope | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Switch | Switch to select a multiplier for the output voltage Efd. In this model it can only be 0, so that the multiplier is 1 | - |
Tf1 | Rate feedback time constant | s |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | pu |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | pu |
Exciter ESST1A
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Uel | Under excitation limit | pu |
Vos | pu | |
Tr | Voltage transducer time constant | s |
Vimax | Maximum error | pu |
Vimin | Minimum error | pu |
Ka | Gain | pu |
Ta | Time constant | s |
Tb | Lag time constant | s |
Tb1 | Lag time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Tc1 | Lead time constant | s |
Vrmax | Excitation voltage upper limit | pu |
| Vrmin | Excitation voltage lower limit | pu |
Kc | Excitation system regulation factor | pu |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Tf | Rate feedback time constant | s |
Vamax | Maximum control element output | pu |
Vamin | Minimum control element output | pu |
Ilr | Maximum field current | pu |
Klr | Gain on field current limit | pu |
Exciter ESST4B
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Voltage transducer time constant | s |
Kpr | AVR proportional gain | pu |
Kir | AVR integral gain | pu |
Vrmax | Maximum AVR output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum AVR output | pu |
Ta | AVR Time constant | s |
Kpm | Proportional gain of inner loop regulator | pu |
Kim | Integral gain of inner loop regulator | pu |
Vmmax | Maximum inner loop regulator output | pu |
| Vmmin | Minimum inner loop regulator output | pu |
Kg | Inner loop feedback again | pu |
Kp | Potential source gain | pu |
Thetap | Phase angle of potential source | deg |
Ki | Current source gain | pu |
Vbmax | Maximum excitation voltage | pu |
Kc | Exciter regulation factor | pu |
Xl | Bar leakage reactance | pu |
Exciter EXAC1
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Tb | Lag time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Ka | AVR Gain | pu |
Ta | AVR time constant | s |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Tf | Rate feedback time constant | s |
Kc | Rectifier regulation factor | pu |
Kd | Exciter internal reactance | pu |
Ke | Exciter field resistance constant | pu |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Vrmax | Maximum exciter control | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum exciter control | pu |
Exciter EXAC1A
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Tb | Lag time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Ka | AVR Gain | pu |
Ta | AVR time constant | s |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Tf | Rate feedback time constant | s |
Kc | Rectifier regulation factor | pu |
Kd | Exciter internal reactance | pu |
Ke | Exciter field resistance constant | pu |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Vrmax | Maximum exciter control | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum exciter control | pu |
Exciter EXAC2
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Tb | Lag time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Ka | AVR Gain | pu |
Ta | AVR time constant | s |
Vamax | Maximum output | pu |
Vamin | Minimum output | pu |
Kb | Exciter field current controller gain | pu |
Kl | Exciter field current limiter gain | pu |
Kh | Exciter field current feedback gain | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Tf | Rate feedback time constant | s |
Kc | Rectifier regulation factor | pu |
Kd | Exciter internal reactance | pu |
Ke | Exciter field resistance constant | pu |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Vlr | Maximum exciter field voltage | pu |
Vrmax | Maximum exciter control | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum exciter control | pu |
Exciter EXAC3
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Tb | Lag time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Ka | AVR Gain | pu |
Ta | AVR time constant | s |
Vamax | Maximum output | pu |
Vamin | Minimum output | pu |
Kr | Constant associated with regulator and alternator field | pu |
Klv | Gain used in the minimum field voltage limiter loop | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Kn | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Tf | Rate feedback time constant | s |
Kc | Rectifier regulation factor | pu |
Kd | Exciter internal reactance | pu |
Ke | Exciter field resistance constant | pu |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Vlv | Field voltage used in the minimum field voltage limiter loop | pu |
Vfemax | Maximum exciter control | pu |
Efdn | Value of Efd at which feedback changes | pu |
Exciter EXAC4
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Tb | Lag time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Vimax | Maximum error | pu |
| Vimin | Minimum error | pu |
Ka | Gain | pu |
Ta | Time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum controller output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum controller output | pu |
Kc | Excitation system regulataion | pu |
Exciter EXDC2
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Tb | Voltage regulator time constant | s |
Tc | Voltage regulator time constant | s |
Ka | Gain | pu |
Ta | Time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum controller output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum controller output | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter field resistance line slope | pu |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Tf1 | Rate feedback lag time constant | s |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter EXPIC1
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Regulator input filter time constant | s |
Kpr | Proportional controller gain | pu |
Kir | Integral controller gain | pu |
Vr1 | Controller maximum limit | pu |
Vr2 | Controller minimum limit | pu |
Tas | Voltage regulator time constant | s |
Tas2 | Voltage regulator time constant | s |
Tas4 | Voltage regulator time constant | s |
Vrmax | Voltage maximum regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Voltage minimum regulator output | pu |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Tf1 | Rate feedback time constant | s |
Tf2 | Rate feedback time constant | s |
Efdmax | Efd maximum output | pu |
Efdmin | Efd minimum output | pu |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Kp | Potential circuit real part gain | pu |
Ki | Potential circuit imaginary part gain | pu |
Kc | Rectifier loading factor | pu |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter EXST1
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Regulator input filter time constant | s |
Vimax | Maximum regulator input voltage | pu |
Vimin | Minimum regulator input voltage | pu |
Tb | AVR lead-lag denominator time constant | s |
Tc | AVR lead-lag numerator time constant | s |
Ka | AVR filter gain | pu |
Ta | AVR filter time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Kf | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Tf | Excitation control system stabilizer time constant | s |
Kc | Rectifier loading factor | pu |
Exciter IEEET1
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Regulator input filter time constant | s |
Ka | Voltage regulator gain | pu |
Ta | Voltage regulator time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
Kf | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Tf | Excitation control system stabilizer time constant | s |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter IEEET2
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Regulator input filter time constant | s |
Ka | Voltage regulator gain | pu |
Ta | Voltage regulator time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
Kf | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Tf1 | Feedback time constant 1 | s |
Tf2 | Feedback time constant 2 | s |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter IEEET3
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Regulator input filter time constant | s |
Ka | Voltage regulator gain | pu |
Ta | Voltage regulator time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vbmax | Exciter voltage limiter | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
Kf | Excitation control system stabilizer gain | pu |
Tf | Excitation control system stabilizer time constant | s |
Kp | Circuit gain coefficient | pu |
Ki | Circuit gain coefficient | pu |
Exciter IEEET5
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Trh | Rheostat travel time | s |
Kv | Fast raise/lower contact settings | pu |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | pu |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter IEEEX1
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Tb | Lag time constant | s |
Tc | Lead time constant | s |
Ka | Gain | pu |
Ta | Time constant | s |
Vrmax | Maximum controller output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum controller output | pu |
Kf | Rate feedback gain | pu |
Tf | Rate feedback time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter field resistance line slope | pu |
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
E1 | Excitation voltage at point 1 | pu |
SE1 | Exciter Saturation factor at E1 | - |
E2 | Excitation voltage at point 2 | pu |
SE2 | Exciter Saturation factor at E2 | - |
Exciter IVOEX
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
K1 | Gain | pu |
A1 | Lead constant | pu |
A2 | Lag constant | pu |
T1 | Lead time constant | s |
T2 | Lag time constant | s |
Max1 | Maximum output | pu |
Min1 | Minimum output | pu |
K3 | Gain | pu |
| A3 | Lead constant | pu |
A4 | Lag constant | pu |
T3 | Lead time constant | s |
T4 | Lag time constant | s |
| Max3 | Maximum output | pu |
Min3 | Minimum output | pu |
K5 | Gain | pu |
A5 | Lead constant | pu |
A6 | Lag constant | pu |
T5 | Lead time constant | s |
T6 | Lag time constant | s |
Max5 | Maximum output | pu |
Min5 | Minimum output | pu |
Exciter SCRX
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Ta/Tb | Gain reduction ratio | - |
Tb | Time constant | s |
K | Exciter Gain | pu |
Te | Time constant | s |
Emax | Maximum field voltage output | pu |
Emin | Minimum field voltage output | pu |
Cswitch | Voltage source switch – Bus fed = 0, Solid fed = 1. | - |
Rc/Rfd | Ratio of the crowbar resistance to field winding resistance Rc/Rfd | - |
Exciter SEXS
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Ta | Lead time constant of transient filter | s |
Tb | Lag time constant of transient filter | s |
K | Exciter Gain | pu |
Te | Lag time constant of exciter | s |
Emax | Maximum field voltage limit | pu |
Emin | Minimum field voltage limit | pu |
Exciter URST5T
Parameters
Name | Description | Unit |
Tr | Filter time constant | s |
Tc1 | Regulator time constant | s |
Tb1 | Regulator time constant | s |
Tc2 | Regulator time constant | s |
Tb2 | Regulator time constant | s |
Kr | Regulator gain | pu |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
T1 | Regulator time constant | s |
Kc | Rectifier regulation factor | pu |
Available I/O Pins
No | Pin Description | Pin Type | Value/Unit | Instruction |
1 | Get initial voltage reference | O | p.u. | exciterID/Vref0 |
2 | Set/Get voltage reference increment | I/O | p.u. | exciterID/pins/dVref |
| 3 | Get exciter output Efd | O | p.u. | exciterID/pins/Efd |
Example
See the Exciter page in phasor01_IEEE39.xlsx file in demo PHASOR-01.
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