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Fault, 3-Phase
- Sylvain Ménard
- Victoria Bruny
Description
3-phase faults can be simulated using a 3-phase circuit breaker whose second terminal is connected to the ground. As the circuit breaker, it is simulated as a variable resistance; very low if the breaker is closed and very high if the breaker is open. It can be controlled either with internal timing or by an external source through control signals or target digital inputs.
Mask and Parameters
General Parameters
| Name | Description | Unit | Variable = {Possible Values} | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Description | Use this field to add all kinds of information about the component | Description = {'string'} | ||
| Control type | The breakers' state can be controlled from any of the following sources | CmdBlockSelect = {0, 1, 3} | ||
| Internal {0} | Internal control defined in the the Timing tab | |||
| External (input sensors) {1} | Target digital inputs on CMD(a,b,c,n) sensor | |||
| External (input pins) {3} | Schematic control signal; the received integer is converted to a binary string where each digit corresponds to a phase (or ground). 20192738 | |||
| Ropen | Open state resistance of phase breakers | Ω | ROpen = { [0, 1e12] } | |
| Rclosed | Closed state resistance of phase breakers | Ω | RClose = { [0, 1e12] } | |
| Breaking capacity | Current absolute value below which phase breakers are allowed to open; applies only when the selected model type is Breaker | A | IMargin = { [0, 1e64] } | |
| Base power | Base value pour PU conversion | MVA total | pBase = { [1, 1e64] } | |
| Base voltage | Base value pour PU conversion | kV rms LL | vBase = { [1, 1e64] } | |
| Base frequency | Base value pour PU conversion | Hz | fbase = { [1, 1e64] } | |
Timing Parameters
| Name | Description | Unit | Variable = {Possible Values} | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time units | Units applied to the programmed state transition operations | Ut = {s, ms, c} | ||
| Second {s} | All operations Tn are in seconds | |||
| Millisecond {ms} | All operations Tn are in milliseconds | |||
| Cycle {c} | All operations Tn are in electrical cycles (setting the frequency is mandatory) | |||
| General operation | Master switch that determines whether the programmed operations will occur upon triggering an acquisition | EnaGen = {0, 1} | ||
| Disable {0} | Programmed operations are disabled | |||
| Enable {1} | Programmed operations are enabled | |||
| Steady-state condition | State of phase and ground breakers in steady-state; “colored” if the breaker is open and “grey” if the breaker is closed | EtatIniA = {0, 1} EtatIniB = {0, 1} EtatIniC = {0, 1} EtatIniN = {0, 1} | ||
| Network frequency | Legacy. Should be set using the parameter "Base frequency". | Hz | Freq = { [45, 70] } | |
| Model type | For each phase, determine whether the component acts as a switch or as a breaker | TypeA = {0, 1} TypeB = {0, 1} TypeC = {0, 1} TypeN = {0, 1} | ||
| Breaker {0} | Once the time condition is met, the breaker waits for the current to cross the breaking capacity before changing its state | |||
| Switch {1} | The state of the switch changes as soon as the time condition is met | |||
| Enable | Enable/disable the state transition operation on the same line. | EnaT1 = {0, 1} EnaT2 = {0, 1} ... | ||
| Disable {0} | Disable the state transition operation on the same line | |||
| Enable {1} | Enable the state transition operation on the same line. If the line is enabled but no information is filled, the state transition operation is ignored. | |||
| Time | Relative time (with respect to POW synchronization) when the command is sent to the breaker (or switch) to change state. There are four ways to input this time. Important notes:
| Refer to "Time units" parameter | T1 = {'string'} T2 = {'string'} ... | |
| Fixed | (f: fixed time) At each acquisition, Tn command is sent at the same time for all phases (and ground) selected in "Phase operated". | |||
| Incremental | (i: initial time/final time/time increment) For the first acquisition, Tn command is sent at the set initial time for all phases (and ground) selected in "Phase operated". Then at each acquisition, Tn command is sent a time increment later than the previous acquisition. Once the final time is reached, the next acquisition will be done using the initial time again. | |||
| Uniform | (u: minimal time/maximal time) At each acquisition, Tn command is sent at a random time. The probability is uniform over the specified range. All phases (and ground) selected in "Phase operated" DO NOT receive the command at the same time, it is also random. | |||
| Uniform gaussian | (ug: minimal time/maximal time/ dispersion) At each acquisition, Tn command is sent at a random time. The probability follows a gaussian distribution over the specified range. All phases (and ground) selected in "Phase operated" DO NOT receive the command at the same time, it is also random. | |||
| Referenced operations | Use to refer the triggering of Tn to another breaker programmed state transition. See the Referenced Operations section for more information. NB: all columns must be filled for the referenced operation to work. | |||
| Component | Name (or path) of the breaker to which the timing is referenced | Eref1 = {'path.name'} Eref2 = {'path.name'} ... | ||
| Time | Time Tn ID of the referenced breaker's step to which the timing is referenced | Tref1 = {Tn} Tref2 = {Tn} ... | ||
| Phase/Command | Activate (Phase) or deactivate (Command) the reference dependency | T1RPh = {0, 1} T2RPh = {0, 1} ... | ||
| Phase operated | The list of all phases (or ground) that will change state when this step is triggered. So if after Tn-1 the A and C phases are OFF and Tn triggers B and C, after Tn phases A and B will be OFF, and C will be ON. | T1Pa, T1Pb, T1Pc, T1Pg = {0, 1} T2Pa, T2,Pb, T2Pc, T2Pg = {0, 1} | ||
| ON {1} | "Colored" when a state transition shall occur | |||
| OFF {0} | "Grayed out" when no state transition shall occur | |||
Ports, Inputs, Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring
Ports
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Net_1 | Network connection (supports only 3-phase connections) |
Inputs
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| P | Control input for all phase and ground breaker commands. 20192738 |
Outputs
None
Sensors
| Name | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| CMD(a,b,c,n) | Phase and ground breaker commands | |
| I(a,b,c,n) | Phase and ground breaker currents | A |
| P | Control input for all phase and ground breaker commands; the received integer is converted to a binary string where each digit corresponds to a phase (or ground) in the following order: A, B, C, G | |
| STATE(a,b,c,n) | Phase and ground breaker states (may differ from the commands based on the "Model type" parameter) |
Using the Input Pin
The circuit breaker can be controlled with the external pin. The input signal is of integer type and is internally converted to a logic value for all phases. The following tables show how to use the inputs:
Binary Value | State |
|---|---|
0 | Open |
1 | Close |
Input | G | C | B | A | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | A |
2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | B |
3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | AB |
4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | C |
5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | AC |
6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | BC |
7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ABC |
8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G |
9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | AG |
10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | BG |
11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ABG |
12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | CG |
13 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ACG |
14 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | BCG |
15 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ABCG |
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