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2-Winding 1-Phase Saturable Transformer
Description
The 2-winding saturable transformer adds modelling of saturation and hysteresis to the linear transformer at the expense of some computation time.
Mask and Parameters
General Parameters
| Description | Use this field to add all kinds of information about the component |
| Flux-current model | Model saturation only or saturation with hysteresis |
| Iteration in saturation model | Enable or disable iteration to achieve more accurate results at the expense of computation time when the saturation segment changes |
| Base primary/secondary winding voltage (rmsLN) | Base value pour PU conversion (kV) |
| Base power (total) | Base value pour PU conversion (MVA) |
| Base frequency | Base value pour PU conversion (Hz) |
Magnetization Impedance Parameters
- Rm: Equivalent resistance of iron losses of the magnetic circuit (Ω)
Winding Parameters
| Voltage (rmsLN) | Rated voltage of the winding (kV) |
| R1, R2 | Leakage resistance of the winding (Ω) |
| L1, L2 | Leakage inductance of the winding (H) |
Saturation Parameters
The saturation is characteristic of the core, thus of the winding and not the type of 3-phase connection (Y, Delta or Zigzag).
It is represented only for the magnetization branch (schematically using line segments).
| Number of data points | Number of segments of the current-flux saturation curve; only the positive part of the curve must be specified, the negative part being completed by symmetry |
| Saturation current | Current for each segment of the saturation curve; the origin (0,0) is implied (A) |
| Saturation flux | Flux for each segment of the saturation curve; the origin (0.0,0.0) is implied (V.s) |
Hysteresis Parameters
The main hysteresis cycle is characterized by four parameters. It is measured in DC so as not to include the Foucault losses, which are considered by the parallel resistance (Rm). The initial trajectory is characterized by only one parameter, the initial flux. Two other special parameters serve to minimize the generation of internal nested loops, and their corresponding trajectories, saved in memory (e.g. the loops that are too small will be ignored and their trajectories modelized by a straight line segment).
This is useful since their number must be limited (100 which suffices in most simulated cases). Above this cycle (limited to ±Is), the saturation zone is entered. The saturation is then characterized either by a series of points on the curve or by an inductance that the curve approaches asymptotically. In this last case, the model generates automatically segments (in the positive and negative saturation zone) of equal length (Is).
| Saturation data type | Determines if the saturation curve is calculated by the model or defined by a series of segments (Equation, Curve) |
| Air core inductance | Value of the saturation inductance that the curve approaches asymptotically (H) |
| Slope at Ic | Flux slope at coercive current (H) |
Coercitive current - Ic | Positive coercive current at null flux (A) |
| Saturation current - Is | Current value of the first point in the saturation zone (A) |
| Current tolerance | Special parameter limiting the generation of minor nested loops. When the magnetizing current values at the last inversion point and the preceding inversion point are closer than the specified tolerance (in % of Ic), it is assumed that there is a displacement on a trajectory represented by a straight line segment. |
| Remnant flux - Φr | Positive remnant flux at null current (V.s) |
| Saturation flux - Φs | Flux value of the first point in the saturation zone (V.s) |
| Flux tolerance | Special parameter limiting the generation of minor nested loops. When the flux values at the last inversion point and the preceding inversion point are closer than the specified tolerance (in % of Φs), it is assumed that there is a displacement on the current loop. |
| Initial flux (peak) | Initial flux determining initial trajectory which is calculated by supposing that it has an inversion point on the main cycle (V.s) |
| Number of points | Number of segments of the current-flux saturation curve; only the positive part of the curve must be specified, the negative part being completed by symmetry |
| Saturation current: | Current for each segment of the saturation curve; the first value must be equal to Is (A) |
| Saturation flux | Flux for each segment of the saturation curve; the first value must be equal to Φs (V.s) |
Ports, Inputs, Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring
Ports
| Net_1+ | Positive primary winding connection (supports only 1-phase connections) |
| Net_1- | Negative primary winding connection (supports only 1-phase connections) |
| Net_2+ | Positive secondary winding connection (supports only 1-phase connections) |
| Net_2- | Negative secondary winding connection (supports only 1-phase connections) |
Inputs
- None
Outputs
- None
Sensors
| FLUX | Magnetization flux (V.s) |
| IMAG | Magnetization current (A) |
| IPRIM | Primary current (A) |
| ISEC2 | Secondary current (A) |
| SEG | Segment number of the saturation curve In the saturation model, the numbering is always positive starting at 1 for the last segment in the negative saturation zone. In the hysteresis model, the numbering is positive/negative starting at 1/-1 in the positive/negative saturation zone. In the hysteresis zone, it takes a null value. |
References
«Hysteresis Modeling in the Matlab/Power System Blockset», Silvano Casoria, Patrice Brunelle, Gilbert Sybille, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, Volume 63, Issues 3-5, Pages 237-248
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