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DC3A
Description
This module is based on the IEEE Std 412.5 type DC3A excitation system model [1]. This excitation system is used to represent older systems; to represent a non-continuous regulator for the DC commutator exciter. The voltage magnitude is periodically adjusted with a rheostat for small errors and is shorted or forced to a reference signal for large errors.
Mask and Parameters
AVR Parameters
Expanding the "DC3A diagram" displays the block diagram in the parameters window.
Name | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Tr | Regulator input filter time constant. This input filter is not part of the standard and there are no typical values recommended in [1]. It was added for flexibility.
N.B. This parameter can be set to 0 if the filter is not used. | s |
Kv | Fast raise/lower contact setting | pu |
Trh | Rheostat travel time | s |
Vrmax | Maximum voltage regulator output | pu |
Vrmin | Minimum voltage regulator output | pu |
Exciter Parameters
Expanding the "Exciter diagram" displays the block diagram in the parameters window.
Name | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Te | Exciter time constant | s |
Ke | Exciter constant related to self-excited field | - |
Se1, Se2 | Exciter saturation factor at the corresponding Vex | pu |
ZEfd1, Efd2 | Exciter voltage for the exciter saturation function | pu |
Initial Values Mask Parameters
Name | Description | Unit | |
|---|---|---|---|
Efd0 | Exciter output voltage initial value |
| pu |
The parameter Efd0 can be set manually, by entering a numerical value. It can also be set automatically based on load flow calculations, by entering a referenced synchronous machine variable. For instance, if the name of the synchronous machine on which the excitation system is connected is “SM1”, then Efd0 shall be set as “=SM1.EfdInit” if a thermal machine or a hydraulic machine is used, and as "=SM1.EFD_Init" if a pu standard or pu fundamental machine is used.
The HYPERSIM® simulation option Set Initial Conditions must be checked for the automatic initialization to work properly.
Inputs and Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring
Inputs
Name | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Vc1 | Signal proportional to compensated terminal voltage If a load compensator block is not used upstream from the exciter block, then Vc1 is equal to Vt (main alternator terminal voltage) | pu |
Vref | Voltrage regulator reference voltage | pu |
Outputs
Name | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Efd | Exciter output voltage | pu |
References
1. “IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Models for Power System Stability Studies,” IEEE Standard 421.5-2005.