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PI Section, 6-ph with Fault

Description

The PI line model is mainly used for short transmission lines. The equivalent circuit is shown below. 

It is assumed that the capacitance on both sides are identical. The RL branches are also coupled. The parameters for the 6-phase PI lines are the same as for those for 3-phase PI lines, except that the dimension of the R, L and C matrices representing the impedance and admittance of the conductors is 6x6, instead of 3x3. The reason is that this model represents a line with six conductors. A 6-phase PI model can be used to represent a double circuit transmission line. The neutral coupling between both circuits (mutual impedance) is represented only in zero sequence.

This model can be used to simulate an internal fault. However, the number of operations allowed in this model is four (4) per fault element, instead of ten (10) in normal cases.

Table of Contents

Mask and Parameters

General Parameters

NameDescriptionUnitVariable = {Possible Values}
DescriptionUse this field to add information about the component
Description = {'string'}
EMTP (.pun) file for line parameters calculationThe location (path) of the EMTP file (pun file) containing the line parameters. However, the EMTP “.pun” format is not allowed with this model
File = {'path.name'}
Line 1Fault distance from (+) side (Line 1)kmfault_loc1 = {0, 1e64}
Line 2Fault distance from (+) side (Line 2)kmfault_loc2 = {0, 1e64}
TypeThe line data can be taken using Matrix or Sequence parameters  
Matrix/Sequence = { 0, 1}
Matrix {0}Untransposed line. The data is filled in the matrices
Sequence {1}Transposed line. The data is filled in the sequences
Line lengthThe length of the linekm

length = {0, 1e64}

Base power (perPhase)Base value for PU conversionMVA per phase

pBase = { [1, 1e64] }

Base voltage (rmsLN)Base value for PU conversionkV rms LN

vBase = { [1, 1e64] }

Base frequencyBase value for PU conversionHz

fBase = { [1, 1e64] }

Matrix Parameters

NameDescriptionUnitVariable = {Possible Values}
Resistance - RResistance matrixΩ/kmR = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
Inductance - LInductance matrixH/km= {'-1e64, 1e64'}
Capacitance - CCapacitance matrixF/km= {'-1e64, 1e64'}

Sequence Parameters


NameDescriptionUnitVariable = {Possible Values}

Self impedance - Line 1

RResistance value for Zero and Positive sequences (Line 1)Ω/kmRself1 = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
LInductance value for Zero and Positive sequences (Line 1)H/kmLself1 = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
CCapacitance value for Zero and Positive sequences (Line 1)F/kmCself1 = {'-1e64, 1e64'}


Self impedance - Line 2
RResistance value for Zero and Positive sequences (Line 2)Ω/kmRself2 = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
LInductance value for Zero and Positive sequences (Line 2)H/kmLself2 = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
CCapacitance value for Zero and Positive sequences (Line 2)F/kmCself2 = {'-1e64, 1e64'}


Mutual impedance lines 1-2
RMutual resistance value between lines 1-2 Ω/kmRmut = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
LMutual inductance value between lines 1-2 H/kmLmut = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
CMutual capacitance value between lines 1-2 F/kmCmut = {'-1e64, 1e64'}

Timing Parameters

NameDescriptionUnitVariable = {Possible Values}
Time unitsUnits applied to the programmed state transition operations





Ut = {s, ms, c}


Second {s}All operations Tn are in seconds

Millisecond {ms}All operations Tn are in milliseconds

Cycle {c}All operations Tn are in electrical cycles (setting the frequency is mandatory)
Time programming

Master switch that determines whether the programmed operations will occur upon triggering an acquisition





EnaGen = {0, 1}


Disable {0}
Programmed operations are disabled

Enable {1}
Programmed operations are enabled
Steady-state condition

Line 1State of phase breakers for Line 1 in steady-state; “colored” if the breaker is open and “grey” if the breaker is closed

iniStateA {0, 1}

iniStateB {0, 1}

iniStateC = {0, 1}

iniStateG = {0, 1}


Line 2State of phase breakers for Line 2 in steady-state; “colored” if the breaker is open and “grey” if the breaker is closed

iniStateA2 {0, 1}

iniStateB2 {0, 1}

iniStateC2 = {0, 1}

iniStateG2 = {0, 1}

Frequency
Should be set using the parameter "Base frequency".HzFreq = { [45, 70] }

Switching times

Line 1Enable/disable the state transition operation on Line 1.


EnaT1 = {0, 1}

EnaT2 = {0, 1}

...

Disable {0}
Disable the state transition operation on the same line
Enable {1}
Enable the state transition operation on the same line. If the line is enabled but no information is filled, the state transition operation is ignored.
Line 2Enable/disable the state transition operation on Line 1.

EnaT1_2 = {0, 1}

EnaT2_2 = {0, 1}

...

Disable {0}Disable the state transition operation on the same line
Enable {1}Enable the state transition operation on the same line. If the line is enabled but no information is filled, the state transition operation is ignored.

Type(f,i,u,ug)




Relative time (with respect to POW synchronization) when the command is sent to the breaker (or switch) to change state. There are four ways to input this time.

Important notes:

  • For changes of state to occur, programmed operation times must always respect Tn>Tn-1.
  • If a parameter field is blank or contains “-”, no switching will occur for this line.
  • There is no alias for the type of timing in the API. The timing type and values are entered as a single string.
  • If using referenced operations, the calculated time is applied after it received the command from the other component. See the Referenced Operations section for more information.







Refer to "Time units" parameter







T1 = {'string'}

T2 = {'string'}

...


Fixed

{f: fixed time}

At each acquisition, Tn command is sent at the same time for all phases selected in "Phase operated".


Incremental

{i: initial time/final time/time increment}

For the first acquisition, Tn command is sent at the set initial time for all phases selected in "Phase operated". Then at each acquisition, Tn command is sent a time increment later than the previous acquisition. Once the final time is reached, the next acquisition will be done using the initial time again.


Uniform

{u: minimal time/maximal time}

At each acquisition, Tn command is sent at a random time. The probability is uniform over the specified range. All phases selected in "Phase operated" DO NOT receive the command at the same time, it is also random.


Uniform gaussian

{ug: minimal time/maximal time/ dispersion}

At each acquisition, Tn command is sent at a random time. The probability follows a gaussian distribution over the specified range. All phases selected in "Phase operated" DO NOT receive the command at the same time, it is also random.

Referenced operations

Use to refer the triggering of Tn to another breaker programmed state transition. See the Referenced Operations section for more information.

NB: all columns must be filled for the referenced operation to work.





Line 1
Ref operationName (or path) of the breaker to which the timing is referenced

Eref1 = {'path.name'}

Eref2 = {'path.name'}

...

Ref timeTime Tn ID of the referenced breaker's step to which the timing is referenced

Tref1 = {Tn}

Tref2 = {Tn}

...

Phase/CommandActivate (Phase {1}) or deactivate (Command {0}) the reference dependency

T1RPh = {0, 1}

T2RPh = {0, 1}

...

Line 2Ref operationName (or path) of the breaker to which the timing is referenced

Eref1_2 = {'path.name'}

Eref2_2 = {'path.name'}

...

Ref timeTime Tn ID of the referenced breaker's step to which the timing is referenced

Tref1_2 = {Tn}

Tref2_2 = {Tn}

...

Phase/CommandActivate (Phase {1}) or deactivate (Command {0}) the reference dependency

T1_2RPh = {0, 1}

T2_2RPh = {0, 1}

...

Phase operated


The list of all phases that will change state when the timing condition is reached. So if after Tn-1 the A and C phases are OFF and Tn triggers B and C, after Tn phases A and B will be OFF, and C will be ON




Line 1ON {1}"Colored" when a state transition shall occur (Line 2)

T1Pa, T1Pb, T1Pc = {0, 1}

T2Pa, T2,Pb, T2Pc = {0, 1}

...

OFF {0}"Grayed out" when no state transition shall occur (Line 2)
Line 2ON {1}"Colored" when a state transition shall occur (Line 2)

T1_2Pa, T1_2Pb, T1_2Pc = {0, 1}

T2_2Pa, T2_2,Pb, T2_2Pc = {0, 1}

...

OFF {0}"Grayed out" when no state transition shall occur (Line 2)

Fault Parameters


NameDescriptionUnitVariable = {Possible Values}
Line 1Fault resistanceFault resistance value per phase (Line 1)ΩRDef = {0, 1e64}
RopenOpen resistance value per phase (Line 1)ΩROpen = {0, 1e64}
RcloseClosed resistance value per phase (Line 1)ΩRClose = {0, 1e64}
Chopping currentCurrent threshold for the opening permission operation (Line 1)AImargin = {0, 1e64}
Line 2Fault resistanceFault resistance value per phase (Line 2)ΩRDef2 = {0, 1e64}
RopenOpen resistance value per phase (Line 2)ΩROpen2 = {0, 1e64}
RcloseClosed resistance value per phase (Line 2)ΩRClose2 = {0, 1e64}
Chopping currentCurrent threshold for the opening permission operation (Line 2)AImargin2 = {0, 1e64}

Line Generator

For more information see Line Generator 

Ports, Inputs, Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring

Ports

This component supports a 6-phase transmission line 

Name

Description

net_1_1(a,b,c)Network connection of phases (a,b,c) of the left (+) side of line 1
net_1_2(a,b,c)Network connection of phases (a,b,c) of the right side of line 1
net_2_1(a,b,c)Network connection of phases (a,b,c) of the left (+) side of line 2
net_2_2(a,b,c)Network connection of phases (a,b,c) of the right side of line 2

Inputs

None

Outputs

None

Sensors

At acquisition, the signals available by the sensors are:

Name

Description

Unit

V(a,b,c)_FLT1Voltage on fault bus of line 1 phases (a,b,c)V
V(a,b,c)_FLT2Voltage on fault bus of line 2 phases (a,b,c)V
I(a,b,c,n)_FLT1Fault current of line 1 (a,b,c,n)A
I(a,b,c,n)_FLT2Fault current of line 2 (a,b,c,n)A
CMD(a,b,c,n)_FLT1Command for states of phase and ground breakers of line 1
CMD(a,b,c,n)_FLT2Command for states of phase and ground breakers of line 2

Calculation of Electrical Parameters

The EMTP “.pun” format is not allowed with this model. However, the electrical parameters of PI lines can be calculated by using the Line Generator Tab.

Types of fault

The fault breakers are shown in the following figure. The types of faults according to the state of the breakers are listed in the table.



Note: For a phase to ground fault, we strongly recommend using the ground in steady state instead of programming a time of operation in transient state.



Types of fault according to state of breakers

State of BreakerBCGround
No fault0000
Fault between phase C and Ground0011
Fault between phase B and Ground0101
Fault between phases B and C0110
Fault between phases B, C and Ground0111
Fault between phases A and Ground1001
Fault between phases A and C1010
Fault between phases A, C and Ground1011
Fault between phases A and B1100
Fault between phases A, B and Ground1101
Fault between phases A, B and C1110
Fault between phases A, B, C and Ground1111

In the case of a 6-phase line with fault, the user has 6 options to simulate:

  • 1 line section - no fault
  • 2 line sections - fault on line 1
  • 2 line sections - fault on line 2
  • 2 line sections - faults on lines 1 and 2
  • 3 line sections - fault on line 1 closer than fault on line 2
  • 3 line sections - fault on line 2 closer than fault on line 1

To simulate one of the above options, the user must specify the fault distance on each line. This distance must be calculated from side “1” of the line.

For example, if the user wants to simulate a fault on line 1 of a double-circuit line at a distance of 125 km and a fault on line 2 at 75 km, he must use the last configuration (“3 line sections - fault on line 2 closer than fault on line 1"), and enter the values correctly in the fault distance fields. If the user does not want to use one of the fault elements, he must set the value of the fault distance to 0 for the fault in question. It should be noted that the fault distance must be lower than the line length.


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