Description

The constant parameter (CP) line model assumes that the line parameters R , L, and C are independent of the frequency effects caused by the skin effect on phase conductors and on the ground. The model considers L and C to be distributed (ideal line) and R to be lumped at three places (line ends R/4 and line middle R/2). The shunt conductance G is taken as zero. The frequency dependence of the line parameters (represented in the FD model) is an important factor for the accurate simulation of waveform and peak values. However, the CP model is very robust, simple, and fast. It also provides a good alternative for a first approximation analysis.

A transposed or untransposed CP line is represented by a) its sequences, or b) its propagation modes and the transformation matrix (Ti) between mode currents and phase currents.

Implementation details can be found in:

H. W. Dommel, "Digital computer solution of electromagnetic transients in single and multiphase networks," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. pas-88, pp. 388-99, 04/ 1969.

Table of Contents

Mask and Parameters

General Parameters

Name	Description				Unit	Variable = {Possible Values}

Name	Description			Unit	Variable = {Possible Values}
Description	Use this field to add information about the component				Description = {'string'}
EMTP (.pun) file for line parameters calculation	The location (path) of the EMTP file (pun file) containing the line parameters				File = {'path.name'}
L-C units in EMTP (.pun) file	The units from the pun file can be taken using two options				L-C units = { 0, 1}
	mH/km, uF/km {0}		Inductance (L), capacitance (C)
	Ohm/km, uS/km {1}		Inductive (Xl) and capacitive (Xc) reactances
Line Length	The length of the line			km	length = {0, 1e64}
R	Per unit length resistance for each phase (mode)			Ω/km	R = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
L	Per unit length inductance for each phase (mode)			H/km	L = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
C	Per unit length capacitor for each phase (mode)			F/km	C = {'-1e64, 1e64'}
Base power (perPhase)	Base value for PU conversion			MVA per phase	pBase = { [1, 1e64] }
Base voltage (rmsLN)	Base value for PU conversion			kV rms LN	vBase = { [1, 1e64] }
Base frequency	Base value for PU conversion			Hz	fBase = { [1, 1e64] }
Continuously transposed line	Transposition (Untransposed/Transposed)				transp = { 0, 1}
	No {0}	Untransposed line
	Yes {1}	Transposed line
Transformation matrix	Transformation matrix between mode current and phase current ([Iphase] = [Ti] x [Imode]); not used in the case of transposed line.				Ti = { [-1e64, 1e64] }

Line Generator

For more information see Line Generator

Ports, Inputs, Outputs and Signals Available for Monitoring

Ports

This component supports a 3-phase transmission line

Name	Description

Name	Description
net_1(a,b,c)	Network connection of phases (a,b,c) of the left (+) side
net_2(a,b,c)	Network connection of phases (a,b,c) of the right side

Inputs

None

Outputs

None

Sensors

At acquisition, the signals available by the sensors are:

Name	Description	Unit

Name	Description	Unit
V(a,b,c)_Node(1,2,3)_(1,2)	Bus voltage for each phase (1,2,3)	V
I(a,b,c)_Node(1,2)	Current for each phase (1,2,3)	A

The (1,2) in the previous table indicates the name of the bus at each end of the line (1 for the left (+) side and 2 for the right side)

Electrical Parameters

Calculation of electrical parameters

The Electrical parameters of CP lines can be calculated by using the Line Generator .

Propagation Delay

The propagation delay is calculated as follows:

Where i is for each of the phases, L and C stands for the inductance and capacitance of the line per unit length.

When the propagation delay is smaller than the time step in a transposed line, the Constant Param block is automatically replaced by an equivalent PI Line.

For any case, when a CP line is used the simulation time step should be larger than the propagation time of the line. When the propagation delay is smaller than the simulation time a message will appear in the console, here is an example:

If the line is transposed:

WARNING in line: <Name of Block>.
The propagation delay (X) is less than the sample time (Y). A PI line is automatically used.
WARNING in the model [<Name of Block>:]! The line type has changed and the results may be false. Please restart the simulation.

These messages indicate that the line model is automatically changed to a PI model. Since the model is changed, the user needs to restart the simulation (re-analyze and re-generate code).

If the line is untransposed:

WARNING in line: <Name of Block>.
The propagation delay (X) is less than the sample time (Y). A PI line is automatically used.
ERROR in line: <Name of Block>.
The propagation delay is less than sample time and the line is Untransposed.
A PI line cannot be automatically used. Use a PI line with matrix parameters.

These messages indicate that the model cannot be automatically changed because the line is untransposed. This happens because there are three distinct modes and the PI model only supports two. Thus, if the user wants to simulate a very short untransposed line, the user needs to use a PI line with the matrix parameters.

HYPERSIM Documentation

Constant Param, 3-ph