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BERTA On-Site Tests



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This chapter describes the procedure to follow when using the BERTA On-Site Tests application.

The RT-LAB BERTA test bench carries out tests on power plant speed governors using simulation functions, such as the islanded grid operating mode. AC generator current and voltage signals from the current and voltage transformer secondary windings are converted into low voltage signals.

These signals are sent to the appropriate analog/digital converters of the BERTA test bench.

These alternating low voltage signals are calibrated beforehand so as not to exceed the saturation thresholds of the converters.

An option allows using the test bench in full simulator mode with the speed governor and AC generator models of a virtual grid.

Start-Up

  • For on-site tests, make all the necessary connections described in the recommended procedure.

Power Plant Test Setup Diagram


TestDrive Main Screen

The main screen consists of three sections:

Main Screen

  • The Control panel toolbar on the left provides access to a series of panels (Gr. 1 to 5, Gr. 6 to 10, Gr. 11 to 15, Gr. 16 to 21, Controller, Interface, Islanded Units, Islanded Loads, Virtual Grid).
  • Refer to the Control Panel Toolbar in the General Introduction for more details.
  • The Graphic panel in the middle displays acquisition signals.
  • The Command panel toolbar on the right consists of command buttons and fields displaying the progress of the simulation. Refer to the Command Panel Toolbar section for more details.

Control Panel Toolbar

The Panels tab in the Control panel toolbar accesses the following panels:

  • Gr. 1 to 5
  • Gr. 6 to 10
  • Gr. 11 to 15
  • Gr. 16 to 20
  • Controller
  • Interface
  • Islanded Units
  • Islanded Loads
  • Virtual Grid

Panels Tab in Control Panel Toolbar

Command Panel Toolbar for Graphic Panels 1 to 5 and 11 to 21

Command Panel ToolbarToolbar ButtonsDescription















GO Acquis

Starts signal acquisition and recording. Click once to start (bright green indicator) and click again to stop (dark green indicator)

GO Disturbance

Starts the insert of the disturbance. Click once to start (bright green indicator) and click again to stop (dark green indicator)

Reset dFreq Sim

Resets the simulated frequency deviation to zero and resets the initial conditions of the virtual generating units. Switch to the right and hold for 3 seconds

Mean PS values

Computes the mean values of power and main servomotor position during the period defined in the Period P S field

Period PS

Mean speed value. Computes the mean value of the rotating speed during the period defined in the Period Speed field

Period Speed

Mean speed value. Calculates the mean value of the rotation speed during the period defined in the Period Speed field

Toolbar Fields

Description

The computing time period for the mean values of power and main servomotor position. Refers to command Mean P S values

The computing time period for the mean value of the rotating speed. Refers to command Mean speed value

Test No

Increments the test number by one and the recording file name suffix each time GO Acquis is disabled. There is a 10 seconds delay to allow for the closing of the recording file.

File status

Shows the recording file status. (Free or full)

Overruns

Increments by one each time the total processing time is longer than the requested time step

Computing time

The time required by the workstation to complete one full cycle of all the computations, in Ī¼s

Idle time

Time margin between each time step and the total computing time, in Ī¼s

Time Step

Actual time step, in Ī¼s

Acquisition Time

Displays the acquisition time, as shown in the picture on the left

Command Panel Toolbar: Graphic Panels 6 to 10

Command Panel ToolbarToolbar ButtonsDescription











Synchronization switch. Click to synchronize the voltage signals generated by BERTA with the grid voltage. Observe the voltage signal curves on graphics 6

Relay command switch to the speed governor. Toggles the speed governor input signal from the grid frequency to BERTA and vice-versa

Actual (hardware) relay status. Indicates the source of the frequency signal: grid (green) or BERTA (red). A blinking signal signifies that either there is a defect on the relay, either it is not connected

Forcing switch. In an emergency case, forces the relay to toggle immediately, without waiting for the synchronization

For the selection of the tested unit network: the virtual network or the actual network. (Real test in a powerhouse)

GO Acquis

Starts signal acquisition and recording. Click once to start (bright green indicator) and click again to stop (dark green indicator)

GO Disturbance

Starts the insert of the disturbance. Click once to start (bright green indicator) and click again to stop (dark green indicator)

Reset dFreq Sim. Resets the simulated frequency deviation to zero and resets the initial conditions of the virtual generating units. Switch to the right and hold for 3 seconds

Toolbar Fields

Description

Test No.

Increments the test number by one every time GO Acquis is disabled

File Status

Shows the file status where the tests are being saved.


Acquisition Time

Displays the acquisition time

Graphic Panels

The Panels tab in the Control panel toolbar provides access to graphic panels each with two monitors (top and bottom). Signal assignments are preset but can be changed. For more details, refer to Creating or Changing Signal Assignments.

GRAPHIC PANELS 1 to 5

Tab

Monitor Position

Signal Name

Signal Description

Graphic 1

Top

Vab

Generator unit phase to phase voltage A-B (p.u.)



Sim Volt A

Simulated phase A voltage at desired frequency (p.u.)


Bottom

Ia, Ib, Ic

Phase currents (p.u.)

Graphic 2

Top

Sim dFreq

Simulated frequency deviation (p.u.)


Bottom

Sim Pelec Total (pu)

Simulated total electric power, including all virtual loads of islanded grid (p.u. on total MVA)



Sim Pmec Total (pu)

Simulated total mechanical power, including all virtual generating units of the islanded grid (p.u. on total MVA)

Graphic 3

Top

Servo1

Main servomotor stroke (position) (p.u.)



Mean Servo 1

Mean servomotor stroke during period P S



Servo 2

Second servomotor stroke or signalNo. 11


Bottom

Pelec T U

Measured electric power of the tested unit, including resistive losses of the stator



Mean P

Mean mechanical power of the tested unit during period P S



Pmec T U

The mechanical power of the tested unit as estimated by BERTA

Graphic 4

Top

Servo 1

Main servomotor stroke (position) (p.u.)



Pmec T U

The mechanical power of the tested unit as estimated by BERTA


Bottom


Free

Graphic 5

Top

Pelec T U

Measured electric power of the tested unit, including resistive losses of the stator



P rotor virtual

Resistive power of rotor (product of electrical torque and rotational speed) of virtual grid AC generating unit


Bottom

Pmec T U

The mechanical power of the tested unit as estimated by BERTA



Pmec Virtual

The mechanical power of the virtual grid turbine

GRAPHIC PANELS 6 to 10

Tab

Monitor Position

Signal Name

Signal Description

Graphic 6

Top

Va

AC generator voltage phase A (p.u.)



Sim Volt A

Simulated voltage phase A at the desired frequency (p.u.)


Bottom

Va

AC generator voltage phase A (p.u.)



IaAC generator current phase A (p.u.)

Graphic 7

Top

Sum I

Sum of currents for the three phases

NOTE: This sum must be zero. or near this value. If not, check connections and calibrations.



Sum V p-p

Sum of voltages phase to phase (p.u.)

NOTE: This sum must be zero. or near this value. If not, check connections and calibrations.


BottomVa rmsRms voltage of phase A (p.u.)


Ia rmsRms current of phase A (p.u.)

Graphic 8

TopSim Pelec TotalTotal electrical power simulated, including all the virtual loads of the islanded grid (p.u. on total MVA)



Sim Pmec TotalTotal mechanical power simulated, including all the virtual generating units of the islanded grid (p.u. on total MVA)


BottomPelec T UElectrical power estimated by BERTA



Pmec T UMechanical power estimated by BERTA

Graphic 9

TopSim FreqSimulated frequency (p.u.)



Estimated speed T UEstimated speed of tested AC generator (p.u.)


BottomVa Vb VcThree phase voltages of tested AC generator (p.u.)

Graphic 10

Top
Free


Bottom


Free


GRAPHIC PANELS 11 to 15

Graphic 11

Top

Va

AC generator voltage phase A (p.u.)



Vab

AC generator phase to phase voltageĀ  A-B (p.u.)



HV 4

High voltage, signal No. 4 from AD (p.u.)


Bottom

Vb

AC generator voltage phase B (p.u.)



Vbc

AC generator phase to phase voltageĀ  B-C (p.u.)



HV 5

High voltage, signal No. 5 from AD (p.u.)

Graphic 12

Top

Vc

AC generator voltage phase C (p.u.)



Vca

AC generator phase to phase voltageĀ  C-A (p.u.)



HV 6

High voltage, signal No. 6 from AD (p.u.)


Bottom


Free

Graphic 13

Top

Va Vb Vc rms

rms voltages from tested AC generator (p.u.)


Bottom

Ia Ib Ic

rms currents from tested AC generator (p.u.)



Pm thermal




Pm gasturbine


Graphic 14

Top

MW Total Hydro

Total virtual hydraulic production (MW)



MW Total Thermal

Total virtual thermal production (MW)



MW Total Gas

Total virtual gas turbine production (MW)


Bottom

MW Total Pmec

Total mechanical power (MW)



MW Total Load

Total load before disturbance (MW)



MW Total Pelec

Total electrical power (Load) (MW)



MW Pmec T U

Mechanical power of tested AC generator (MW)

Graphic 15

Top


Free


Bottom


Free


GRAPHIC PANELS 16 to 21

Graphic 16

Top

U1 Hydro Pm (MW)

Virtual Hydro Unit 1 Pm MW



U2 Hydro Pm (MW)

Virtual Hydro Unit 2 Pm MW



U3 Hydro Pm (MW)

Virtual Hydro Unit 3 Pm MW



U4 Hydro Pm (MW)

Virtual Hydro Unit 4 Pm MW



U5 Hydro Pm (MW)

Virtual Hydro Unit 5 Pm MW


Bottom

U1 Hydro Gate

Virtual Hydro Unit 1 gate



U2 Hydro Gate

Virtual Hydro Unit 2 Gate



U3 Hydro Gate

Virtual Hydro Unit 3 Gate



U4 Hydro Gate

Virtual Hydro Unit 4 Gate



U5 Hydro Gate

Virtual Hydro Unit 5 Gate

Graphic 17

Top

U1 Thermal Pm (MW)

Virtual Thermal Unit 1 Pm MW



U2 Thermal Pm (MW)

Virtual Thermal Unit 2 Pm MW



U3 Thermal Pm (MW)

Virtual Thermal Unit 3 Pm MW



U4 Thermal Pm (MW)

Virtual Thermal Unit 4 Pm MW



U5 Thermal Pm (MW)

Virtual Thermal Unit 5 Pm MW


Bottom

U1 Thermal Gate

Virtual Thermal Unit 1 valve



U2 Thermal Gate

Virtual Thermal Unit 2 valve



U3 Thermal Gate

Virtual Thermal Unit 3 valve



U4 Thermal Gate

Virtual Thermal Unit 4 valve



U5 Thermal Gate

Virtual Thermal Unit 5 valve

Graphic 18

Top

U1 Gas Pm (MW)

Virtual TAG Unit 1 Pm MW



U2 Gas Pm (MW)

Virtual TAG Unit 2 Pm MW



U3 Gas Pm (MW)

Virtual TAG Unit 3 Pm MW



U4 Gas Pm (MW)

Virtual TAG Unit 4 Pm MW



U5 Gas Pm (MW)

Virtual TAG Unit 5 Pm MW


Bottom

U1 Gas Valve

Virtual TAG Unit 1 Valve



U2 Gas Valve

Virtual TAG Unit 2 Valve



U3 Gas Valve

Virtual TAG Unit 3 Valve



U4 Gas Valve

Virtual TAG Unit 4 Valve



U5 Gas Valve

Virtual TAG Unit 5 Valve

Graphic 19

Top

Load 1 MW

Rated Load 1 MW



Load 2 MW

Rated Load 2 MW



Load 3 MW

Rated Load 3 MW



Load 4 MW

Rated Load 4 MW



Load 5 MW

Rated Load 5 MW


Bottom

Ch. 1 Shedding MW

Shedded MW, Load 1



Ch. 2 Shedding MW

Shedded MW, Load 2



Ch. 3 Shedding MW

Shedded MW, Load 3



Ch. 4 Shedding MW

Shedded MW, Load 4



Ch. 5 Shedding MW

Shedded MW, Load 5

Graphic 20


AD Signal No.

Signals 12 to 21 from ADs (V or mA)

Graphic 21


AD Signal No.

Signals 22 to 32 from ADs (V or mA)


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